Genetic Relationships Among Some Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Species and Genotypes

The genus Crataegus is well distributed in Turkey as a wild plant, with numerous, inherently variable species and genotypes. RAPD markers were used to study 17 hawthorn genotypes belonging to Crataegus monogyna ssp. monogyna Jacq (2 genotypes), C. monogyna ssp. azarella Jacq (1), Crataegus pontica K.Koch (3), Crataegus orientalis var. orientalis Pallas Ex Bieb (3), Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark (1), Crataegus aronia var. dentata Browicz (1), C. aronia var. aronia Browicz (4), and Crateagus x bornmuelleri Zabel (2). The 10 RAPD primers produced 72 polymorphic bands (88% polymorphism). A dendrogram based on Jaccard's index included four major groups and one outgroup according to taxa. The lowest genetic variability was observed within C. aronia var. aronia genotypes. The study demonstrated that RAPD analysis is efficient for genotyping wild-grown hawthorns

Morphological and chemical diversity among hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) genotypes from Turkey

Anatolia had been known to have rich hawthorn gene pool including diverse genotypes adapted to different local conditions in different regions of the country. Long-term seed propagation and also human selection revealed a great diversity of hawthorn plants in Anatolia. In this study, the morphological (fruit weight, dimensions, fruit skin color, flesh/seed ratio, plant habits and thorn situation) and chemical (pH and soluble solid content) characteristics of 21 selected hawthorn genotypes belongs to Crataegus monogyna ssp. monogyna Jacq, Crataegus monogyna ssp. azarella Jacq, Crataegus pontica K. Koch, Crataegus orientalis var. orientalis Pallas Ex Bieb, Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark, Crataegus meyeri Pojark, Crataegus aronia var. dentata Browicz, Crataegus aronia var. aronia Browicz, C. x bornmuelleri Zabel and Crataegus aronia L. had been determined. A wide variation was found among genotypes in both intra and inters level on most of morphological and chemical properties. Fruit weight varied from 0.65 to 4.19 g among genotypes. Fruit skin color were determined as light green, yellow, light orange, orange, red and dark red. SSC (soluble solid content) of genotypes ranging from 6.40 to 16.0%. In general, most of the genotypes had tree form and also had various degree of thorn on its plants

Effects of Sulphurization Duration of Doses and Cold Storage on SO2 Content of Dried Apricot Fruits of cv. ‘Hacihaliloglu’

The study was carried out between 2004 and 2005 years in Malatya Fruit Research Institute. The fumigation of 1600, 1800 or 2000 g SO2 were applied for 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hr after harvest on dried ‘Hacihaliloglu’ apricot fruits. The loss of SO2, product moisture (%), product temperature, acidity (%), pH and the colour of the apricot fruits were determined after the drying processes on the wooden trays following the SO2 fumigation and during storage periods. The results showed that the average level of the SO2 in the dried apricots was found as 2000 ppm after fumigation as requirement of European regulations. Dried apricot fruits had 2174 ppm of SO2 in 2004 and 1586 ppm of SO2 in 2005 at the beginning of storage and these amounts were decreased to 1284 and 1091 ppm at the end of 12 months of storage in normal atmospheric conditions. The loss of SO2 amount in dried apricots was found to be directly proportional with the initial quantity of SO2. When the level of SO2 in dried apricots was decreased to 1500 ppm, the quality of the product was also decreased and the colour of dried apricots are darkened. As a result of this study, can be recommended that the dried apricots including 2000 ppm SO2 should be marketed after 6 months of storage

Effects of Sulphurization Duration of Doses and Cold Storage on SO2 Content of Dried Apricot Fruits of cv. ‘Hacihaliloglu’

The study was carried out between 2004 and 2005 years in Malatya Fruit Research Institute. The fumigation of 1600, 1800 or 2000 g SO2 were applied for 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hr after harvest on dried ‘Hacihaliloglu’ apricot fruits. The loss of SO2, product moisture (%), product temperature, acidity (%), pH and the colour of the apricot fruits were determined after the drying processes on the wooden trays following the SO2 fumigation and during storage periods. The results showed that the average level of the SO2 in the dried apricots was found as 2000 ppm after fumigation as requirement of European regulations. Dried apricot fruits had 2174 ppm of SO2 in 2004 and 1586 ppm of SO2 in 2005 at the beginning of storage and these amounts were decreased to 1284 and 1091 ppm at the end of 12 months of storage in normal atmospheric conditions. The loss of SO2 amount in dried apricots was found to be directly proportional with the initial quantity of SO2. When the level of SO2 in dried apricots was decreased to 1500 ppm, the quality of the product was also decreased and the colour of dried apricots are darkened. As a result of this study, can be recommended that the dried apricots including 2000 ppm SO2 should be marketed after 6 months of storage

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HAWTHORN (Crataegus spp. L.) FRUITS IN TURKEY

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp. L.) is a native fruit of great economic importance in Turkey and has been widely using in folk medicine particularly for the treatment of mild heart diseases for a long time. In the study, 18 previously selected hawthorn genotypes belong to several Crataegus species grown in the hawthorn repository collection in Malatya province in Turkey were evaluated. Fruit mass and soluble solid content of selected genotypes ranged from 0.76 to 4.27 g and 6.71 to 15.83%, respectively. The genotype 44MA12 belongs to C. monogyna subsp. azarella had distinct and the highest anthocyanin (516 mg per 100 g fresh fruit) content and the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (2.91 mu g.g(-1)). The genotype 44MA11 belongs to C. meyeri had the highest phenolic content (3460 mg per 100 g gallic acid equivalent in fresh fruits). All hawthorn genotypes displayed high antioxidant activity. The results suggest that hawthorn fruits including significant human health benefit substances and may be used for developing functional foods because of its high phenolic, anthocyanin content and antioxidant properties