大学生の自閉スペクトラム症傾向と心理的症状の関連における社会的カモフラージュ行動,体験の回避,概念化された自己の媒介効果の検討

departmental bulletin pape

ネパール ニ オケル トキソプラズマショウ ノ ケッセイ エキガク チョウサ

We studied the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies among inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (location of the capital, Kathmandu) and inhabitants of a village area in Lekhnath City, Kaski District (central Kathmandu), epal. A total of 376 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy participants. Toxoplasma antibodies (IgM and IgG) were detected by enzyme- linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). In the Kathmandu Valley, positive rates for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were 1.4% (2/146) and 35.6% (52/146) respectively. In Lekhnath City, positive rates were 2.6% (6/230) for IgM antibodies and 60.4% for IgG antibodies, i.e., comparatively higher than those in the Kathmandu Valley. The higher prevalence of these antibodies in the Lekhnath City village area was associated with animal keeping in almost all households, while in the Kathmandu Valley only a few households kept animals. However, the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in these areas was relatively high in each case. Environmental conditions may be responsible for the transmission of Toxo- plasma parasites in both areas

Analysis of the Nutrient Intake and the Nutritional and Health State of the people in a Nepalese Mountainous Village:Dithal VDC

【目的】世界辺境地区の一つであるネパール山間地方の住民の摂取栄養と健康状態について解析した。【方法】神戸常盤大学を中心に共同調査プロジェクト(JICA 草の根事業)を編成し、ネパールデタール村でのフィールドワークを行った。住民208名(年齢5～82歳、男女比82:126)の健康調査を施行し、身体計測とBIA法を用いた体構成成分測定、および血液検査(TP、Albumin、GPT、BUN、Ca)を行った。また住民の内科診療を行い、下痢などの消化管疾患の有無を調査した。さらに、一般家庭における日々の食事内容をデジタルカメラに撮影し、摂取熱量、摂取栄養素を計測すると同時に、村の採水所30ヵ所での飲水を含めた生活用水の細菌学的検査を行った。【結果】身体計測上、BMI<18.5の比率が50%を超え、12歳以下の子供では80%近くに及んだ。体構成成分測定では、特に子供で体内脂肪、筋肉量の減少と、体内水分量の増加が見られた。また一見肥満体系であっても、栄養障害による浮腫や、筋肉量の減少による下腹部の突出(クワシオルコル)を示す症例も、12歳以下の子供で見られた。血液検査は、血清総タンパク、アルブミンの低下以外は、ほぼ正常値内であった。食事は、ネパール特有のダル・バート・タルカリという炭水化物が中心の料理で、摂取栄養素の80%を占めた。1日2食が標準である現地人の平均摂取熱量は800～1000kcal程度と推計された。飲料水の細菌学的検査では、大腸菌、及び大腸菌群が80～100%の頻度で検出された。【結論】未だカースト制度の現存するネパールの山間地方における栄養状態と衛生環境は劣悪であったが、これは過去に先進国が経た道であり、自らの事として手を差しのべる必要があると考えられた。The research team jointed with Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe University, and Nepal Medical College has been organized to implement the fieldwork at Dithal Village in Nepalese mountainous area for JICA Kusanone Project. In the fieldwork, the nutritional and health state of 208 village inhabitants (5 to 82 years old : 82 of male and 126 of female) were investigated, and their daily dietary foods were analyzed intake of calories and nutrients. The state of hygiene was also studied including of checking the contamination of drinking water microbiologically. The results showed that the high presence of over 50% of thinness, which is defined as less than 18.5 of BMI, was estimated in all age-groups, however among the age group under 12 years, the rate was much higher up to 75~80%. In body component analysis, the decreased fat and muscle volume and increased body water volume were manifested in children. Some of the children showed the distended abdomen, which is the typical sign of Kwashiorkor type malnutrition. The average calorie intake of daily diet was estimated about 800～1000kcal, and the content of it was 80% of carbohydrate, 10% each of fat and protein. The contaminations of Coliform bacilli and E. coli could be detected 80 to 100% of drinking water at 30 water places. The internal medical check revealed the prevalence of water-borne digestive diseases with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The deteriorated nutritional and public health state in Nepalese mountainous area could be disclosed in this study, but these are the similar paths on which the advanced countries have gone through in their past. We are entrusted to give our hands to them

Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), can effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles are non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level is sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables minimally invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine