How give and receive Provide Structure for More Abstract Notions: The Case of Benefactives, Adversatives, Causatives, and Passives

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetics and Phonological Universals (1998

Glycerol as a Superior Electron Source in Sacrificial H₂ Production over TiO₂ Photocatalyst

Biodiesel fuel (BDF) has gained much attention as a new sustainable energy alternative to petroleum-based fuels. BDF is produced by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fats with methanol along with the co-production of glycerol. Indeed, transesterification of vegetable oil (136.5 g) with methanol (23.8 g) was performed under heating at 61°C for 2 h in the presence of NaOH (0.485 g) to produce methyl alkanoate (BDF) and glycerol in 83.7 and 73.3% yields, respectively. Although BDF was easily isolated by phase separation from the reaction mixture, glycerol and unreacted methanol remained as waste. In order to construct a clean BDF synthesis, the aqueous solution of glycerol and methanol was subjected to sacrificial H2 production over a Pt-loaded TiO2 catalyst under UV irradiation by high-pressure mercury lamp. H2 was produced in high yield. The combustion energy (ΔH) of the evolved H2 reached 100.7% of the total ΔH of glycerol and methanol. Thus, sacrificial agents such as glycerol and methanol with all of the carbon attached to oxygen atoms can continue to serve as an electron source until their sacrificial ability was exhausted. Sacrificial H2 production will provide a promising approach in the utilization of by-products derived from BDF synthesis

新島八重と賛美歌

本稿の目的は新島八重（1845－1932）の信仰生活において賛美歌が欠かせないものであることを明らかにすることである。新島八重はどの様に神に賛美することを知り，そのことを通して自身の信仰を深めていったのだろうか。八重と賛美歌のかかわりに注目しながら検証する

Enzymatic Conversion of Cypridina Luciferyl Sulfate to Cypridina Luciferin with Coenzyme A as a Sulfate Acceptor in Cypridina (Vargula) hilgendorfii

In the luminous ostracod Cypridina (presently Vargula) hilgendorfii, Cypridina luciferyl sulfate (3-enol sulfate of Cypridina luciferin) is converted to Cypridina luciferin by a sulfotransferase with 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) as a sulfate acceptor. The resultant Cypridina luciferin is used for the luciferase–luciferin reaction of Cypridina to emit blue light. The luminescence stimulation with major organic cofactors was examined using the crude extracts of Cypridina specimens, and we found that the addition of coenzyme A (CoA) to the crude extracts significantly stimulated luminescence intensity. Further, the light-emitting source in the crude extracts stimulated with CoA was identified as Cypridina luciferyl sulfate, and we demonstrated that CoA could act as a sulfate acceptor from Cypridina luciferyl sulfate. In addition, the sulfate group of Cypridina luciferyl sulfate was also transferred to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) and adenosine 3′-monophosphate (3′-AMP) by a sulfotransferase. The sulfated products corresponding to CoA, 5′-AMP, and 3′-AMP were identified using mass spectrometry. This is the first report that CoA can act as a sulfate acceptor in a sulfotransferase reaction

新島八重の信仰

本稿の目的は新島八重（1845-1932）のキリスト教信仰を明らかにすることである。新島八重はどの様に戊辰戦争の際に家族を殺した敵を愛し和解するにいたったのか。本稿では「武士の心」と「信者の心」に着目しながら、八重の信仰がどのように養われたのかを考察する