PHOSPHATEMIC INDEX EVALUATES PHOSPHORUS LOAD

Objective: Dietary phosphorus (P) restriction is crucial to treat hyperphosphatemia and reduce cardiovascular disease risk and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the wider population. Various methods for dietary P restriction exist, but the bioavailability of P in food should also be considered when making appropriate food choices to maintain patients’ quality of life. Here, we propose the ‘‘Phosphatemic Index’’ (PI) as a novel tool for evaluating dietary P load based on P bioavailability; we also evaluated the effect of continuous intake of different PI foods in mixed meals on serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration. Design and Methods: A 2-stage crossover study was conducted: Study 1: 20 healthy participants consumed 10 different foods containing 200 mg of P, and the PI was calculated from the area under the curve of a time versus serum P concentration curve; Study 2: 10 healthy participants consumed 4 different test meals (low, medium, or high PI meals or a control) over a 5-day period. Results: Study 1 showed milk and dairy products had high PI values, pork and ham had medium PI values, and soy and tofu had low PI values. In Study 2, ingestion of high PI test meals showed higher fasting serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels compared with ingestion of low PI test meals. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the PI can usefully evaluate the dietary P load of various foods and may help to make appropriate food choices for dietary P restriction in CKD patients

Association of dietary fiber intake with subsequent fasting glucose levels and indicators of adiposity in school-age Japanese children

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationships of fiber intake with subsequent body mass index SD-score, waist-to-height ratio, and serum fasting glucose levels among school-age Japanese children. Design: A prospective study of school-age Japanese children. Participants were followed from 6–7 to 9–10 years of age (follow-up rate: 92.0%). Fiber intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Serum fasting glucose was measured by a hexokinase enzymatic method. Using a general linear model, the associations between dietary fiber intake at baseline and body mass index SD-score, waist-to-height ratio, and serum levels of fasting glucose at follow-up were evaluated after considering potential confounding factors. Setting: Public elementary schools in a city in Japan Participants: A total of 2,784 students. Results: The estimated means for fasting glucose at 9–10 years of age were 86.45, 85.68, 85.88, and 85.58 mg/dl in the lowest, second, third, and highest quartile of fiber intake at 6–7 years of age, respectively (p= 0.033, trend p= 0.018). Higher fiber intake at 6–7 years of age was associated with lower waist-to-height ratio at 9–10 years of age (trend p= 0.023). The change in fiber intake was inversely associated with concurrent change of body mass index SD-score (trend p= 0.044). Conclusion: These results suggest that dietary fiber intake may be potentially effective to limit excess weight gain and lower glucose levels during childhood

Differentiation-defective phenotypes revealed by large-scale analyses of human pluripotent stem cells.

大規模解析により品質の悪い多能性幹細胞の見分け方を開発. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2013-11-19.We examined the gene expression and DNA methylation of 49 human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and 10 human embryonic stem cells and found overlapped variations in gene expression and DNA methylation in the two types of human pluripotent stem cell lines. Comparisons of the in vitro neural differentiation of 40 hiPSCs and 10 human embryonic stem cells showed that seven hiPSC clones retained a significant number of undifferentiated cells even after neural differentiation culture and formed teratoma when transplanted into mouse brains. These differentiation-defective hiPSC clones were marked by higher expression levels of several genes, including those expressed from long terminal repeats of specific human endogenous retroviruses. These data demonstrated a subset of hiPSC lines that have aberrant gene expression and defective potential in neural differentiation, which need to be identified and eliminated before applications in regenerative medicine

INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY PHOSPHATE AND CARBOHYDRATE ON GLUCOSE AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISMS IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN.

Interaction between the nutrients should be considered to understand the relationship between nutrient intake and disease. Here, we investigated the effects of combination of dietary phosphate and carbohydrate (glycemic index; GI) on urinary phosphate excretion, serum glucose, insulin, phosphate, PTH levels after the digestion of experimental meal in 11 young healthy men. We employed 4 different meals; high GI and high phosphate (HGHP), high GI and low phosphate (HGLP), low GI and high phosphate (LGHP), and low GI and low phosphate (LGLP). Barley was used for staple food in low GI meals, inversely white rice in high GI meals. Low phosphate meals contained 400 mg of phosphate, high phosphate meals contained 1200 mg of phosphate added as sodium phosphate. This study was performed as a crossover study, and approved by the ethical committee of the University of Tokushima. Ingestion of HGHP meal revealed higher postprandial phosphate excretion than LGHP meal. This difference was not observed between HGLP and LGLP meals. HGHP meals was also involved in higher postprandial increases in blood glucose and insulin than HGLP. Meanwhile intact PTH level in the ingestion of LGHP meals was significantly higher than that in HGHP. No significant difference in serum phosphate level between HGHP and LGHP groups. These data indicate that interaction between dietary phosphate and carbohydrate affected postprandial changes in serum glucose and phosphate handling in healthy young men