Stability is realization-dependent: some examples

This paper gives some examples with the same impulse response, both approximately controllable and observable, but one of them is exponentially stable and the other is unstable. Some related spectral properties are also investigated

Chemical analysis of soluble fractions from normal and autolysed rabbit liver by column chromatography

Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 was performed with the soluble fraction of homogenated rabbit liver, which was extracted with 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 M NaCl. and the influences of autolysis on the soluble fraction of liver were also examined. The soluble fraction of liver was different from serum in molecular weight, in electrophoretic character and in components with sedimentation coefficients. The soluble fraction of liver was stable under the influence of Mg and K ions, and rather unstable in the presence of Na ions. Serum was fractionated in three main peaks. The soluble fraction of liver was fractionated in a similar pattern as of serum, but the first peak contained nucleic acid and lipoprotein. The second contained albumin. 32p radioactivity peaks of the stored sample appeared with change in patterns by autolysis from the original, and were observed wide based and continuous figures in retarded peaks. The correlations with the first peak and retarded peaks were represented by the analysis of phosphorus compounds and electrophoresis. In lipid analysis, both diglyceride and monoglyceride gradually decreased, and phospholipid pattern was observed to increase in retarded peaks by autolysis. Lipoprotein or lipid-albumin complex was gradually converted to smaller molecular weight compounds, and appeared in retarded peaks.</p

Catabolic metabolism of cholesterol in stomach cancer

1. The ratios of free 5&#945;-cholestan-3&#946;-ol and cholesterol and esterified 5&#945;-cholestan-3&#946;-ol were higher in pylorus than in cardia. 2. Esterified cholesterol level was higher in cardia than in pylorus. 3. Among the stomach cancer tissues examined free cholesterol level was higher than in the non-cancerous. 4. Esterified 5&#945;-cholestan-3&#946;-o1 and cholesterol levels were lower in the cancerous tissues than in the non cancerous.</p

Antibody formation for malignant tumor. &#8546;. Antigenicity of peptide of ribosomal digest in Ehrlich ascites tumor

Antigenicity of the peptide of ribosomal digest in Ehrlich ascites tumor was studied. The peptide was purified by DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. The peptide was electrophoretically basic, single, and 1.32 S20w sedimentation coefficient with poor content of tyrosine and phenylalanine. The maximum absorbancy was at 267 m&#956;. Mice and rabbits were immunized with the mixture of the purified peptide with Freund's complete adjuvant. The inhibitory effect of immune &#947;-globulin on the tumor growth was demonstrated in vitro cultured JTC-11 cells. A single precipitin line was observed between rabbit antiserum and tumor cell extract of Ehrlich ascites cells in ouchterlony double diffusion chamber and immunoelectrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient of the effective fraction in immune-serum was 17 S20w. The precipitin line was observed at &#946;2-&#947; region in immunoelectrophoresis.</p

Clinical Studies on Anemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Anemia of moderate severity is commonly present in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, but one to which little attention has been paid and despite its frequency the exact mechanism of its production is uncertain. Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis is refractory to anti-anemic therapy. The presence of anemia may hinder adequate physical or orthopedic treatment and may produce a degree of lassitude that considerably aggravates the joint disability. This anemia, therefore, seemed worthy of study and investigations of three aspects are reported here: 1. Changes in peripheral blood, bone marrow, liver function and gastric acidity. 2. Alternations in iron metabolism. 3. Balneotherapy and anemia in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Peripheral Blood Picture, Liver Function, Serum Protein Fraction and Gastric Acidity. 1. The peripheral blood and bone marrow. The number of erythrocytes is 558～216×10(4)/c. mm. (average:402×10(4)/c. mm.), hemoglobin-content:110～40% (average: 78.6%), and the color index is about 1.0. The anemia of rheumatoid arthritis treated is mostly normochromic. The white blood cell count is between 11200 and 3720/c. mm. (average: 7504/c. mm.), and the number of leucocytes in 80% of the cases ranges within the normal limits. Eosinophilia is observed 27% of the cases. Films of the sternal marrow showed no major abnormality in the eight cases examined. Several minor points, however, deserve mention. The nucleated cell count was diminished in seven cases examined, and the decrease of normoblasts in bone marrow would explain the reduced red cell count in peripheral blood. The myeloid series showed a relative increase. 2. Liver function tests and gastric acidity. To illustrate the possible appearance of liver function disturbances in connection with rheumatoid arthritis, the author has made different liver function tests on patients suffering from this disease. From the results it appears that in protein metabolism tests more than 83% of the cases gave abnormal albumin/globulin ratios and Takata's and erthrocyte sedimentation reactions. The detoxication capacity determined by hippuric acid synthesis tests had decreased in 25% of the cases examined. The dye excreting capacity, determined by the bromsulfalein tolerance test, was found to be reduced in 64% of the cases examined. The urin-urobilinogen test showed positive in 28% of the cases. In all cases the insulin sensitivity test gave pathological readings. Of 40 cases examined, anacidity of gastric juice was observed in 17 cases, subacidity in other 10 cases and normacidity, hyperacidity in remammg 13 cases. Thus, a decrease in the gastric acidity was found to occur in 67.5% of the cases. 3. Serum protein fraction. The total serum protein of 31 cases with rheumatoid arthritis appeared to be on the same level as in normal material. Serum protein fraction was determined in 19 cases by paperelectrophoresis. In rheumatoid patients, albumin fraction of serum protein decreased and γ-globulin fraction increased in all cases examined, compared with the data of normal subject as a control. Alubumin/globulin ratio of rheumatoid arthritis was below the 5% rejection limit of normal value

Clinical Studies on Anemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis (III)

III. The Effects of Balneotherapy and Antianemics on Anemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis 1. Balneotherapy: The author investigated the changes of the peripheral blood picture, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, numbers of finger-ring (Wheatsheaf's ring-test) and grasping power (by means of hand-dynamometer or sphygmometer) before and after baneotherapy. The regimen of spa treatment in our hospital includes bathing in radioactive hot spring (42-3°C. in temperature)two or three times a day, local mud bath or mud pack (once or twice a day, massage and drinking of spring water. These measures performed for one or two months. When the spa treatment has finished the erythrocyte count and Hb-content of rheumatoid patients increased in 61% of 33 cases examined comparing with before treatment, leucocyte count tended to shift to normal and E.S.R. decreased in 58% of the cases. The swelling of the finger joints diminished. 2. Oral iron therapy: In previous report, the author verified that there exist simple iron deficiency anemia in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Oral iron therapy responded well in such cases, but the majority of cases were resistant to oral iron. 3. Transfusion of blood in rheumatoid anemia: The author transfused 100 ml. of blood once a day for 5-10 days in 11 rheumatoid anemic patients. By the treatment of transfusion, the findings in peripheral blood improved and E.S.R. decreased

AN ANGIOGRAPHICAL PREDICTOR FOR SUCCESSFUL RECANALIZATION

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy undoubtedly improves functional outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Although we have observed occlusion sites that protrude proximally into the vessel on angiography, termed the “claw sign,” we have been unable to state its clinical significance. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the presence of a claw sign was related to recanalization success after mechanical thrombectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included 73 consecutive patients treated for acute cerebral large vessel occlusion by mechanical thrombectomy between January 2014 and December 2017. The angiographic claw sign was defined as a thrombus that protruded proximally by more than half the diameter of the parent artery. Claw sign positivity, clinical and etiological features, and outcomes were compared between groups with and without recanalization. Results: The claw sign was observed in 29 of 73 (40%) patients and was positive significantly more frequently in those with recanalization (50.0%) than in those without recanalization (5.9%) (P < .01). By multivariate analysis, the claw sign was the only pretreatment parameter to predict successful recanalization (odds ratio, 12.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-103.00; P = .019). Conclusions: The presence of the claw sign might predict successful recanalization in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion

A new conceptualization for Mikulicz's disease as an IgG4-related plasmacytic disease

Mikulicz's disease (MD) has been included within the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), but it represents a unique condition involving persistent enlargement of the lacrimal and salivary glands characterized by few autoimmune reactions and good responsiveness to glucocorticoids, leading to the recovery of gland function. Mikulicz's disease was recently reported to be associated with elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentrations in the serum and prominent infiltration of plasmacytes expressing IgG4 into the lacrimal and salivary glands. The following features were used for diagnosis: (1) visual confirmation of symmetrical and persistent swelling in more than two lacrimal and major salivary glands; (2) prominent mononuclear cell infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands; and (3) exclusion of other diseases that present with glandular swelling, such as sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative disease. These features are not observed in most SS cases. The complications of MD include autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, autoimmune hypophysitis, and Riedel's thyroiditis, all of which show IgG4 involvement in their pathogenesis. Mikulicz's disease thus differs from SS and may be a systemic IgG4-related plasmacytic disease