Transformada Reversa das Estimativas de Krigagem Ranqueadas

A krigagem de dados apresentando distribuições com assimetria positiva deve ser evitada devido à forte influência dos poucos valores altos nas estimativas resultantes. A solução é a transformada de dados que muda a forma da distribuição original para uma distribuição simétrica. A krigagem dos dados transformados é realizada e então transformada de volta para a escala original de medida. Nesse artigo, nós examinamos a transformada uniforme que resulta em uma distribuição uniforme. A krigagem ordinária de dados uniformes resulta numa distribuição em forma de sino, haja vista as caudas da distribuição terem sido perdidas no processo de estimativa devido ao efeito de suavização. A transformada reversa dos valores apresentando essa distribuição em sino resultará em estimativas enviesadas. Portanto, a solução proposta nesse artigo passa pela correção do efeito de suavização das estimativas ranqueadas antes de transformá-las para a escala dos dados originais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que esse algoritmo é confiável e as estimativas transformadas para a escala original não são enviesadas em relação aos dados amostrais.Kriging of raw data presenting distributions with positive skewness must be avoided because the strong influence of a few high values in the resulting estimates. The solution is to apply data transformation, which changes the shape of original distribution into a symmetric distribution. Kriging of transformed data is performed and then back-transformed to the original scale of measurement. In this paper, we examine the uniform score transform that results in a uniform distribution. Ordinary kriging estimates of uniform score data results in a bell-shaped distribution, since the tails of the distribution are lost in the estimation process because of the smoothing effect. The back-transformation of this bell-shaped distribution result in biased estimates. Therefore, the solution proposed in this paper is to correct the smoothing effect of the rank order kriging estimates before transforming them back to the scale of raw data. Results showed this algorithm is reliable and back-transformed estimates are unbiased in relation to the sample data

Criteria for the Scaling Up of Mixing Vessels

There are several concepts for the scaling up of mixing vessels. They are neither consistent nor conclusive. The authors propose an idea that the selection must be made depending upon the mixing objects. The classification of the types of scaling up is as follows : (1) Similarity for power requirement. Power requirement is correlated by Reynolds-, Froude- and Weber-numbers. The latter two are negligible in an ordinary correlation. (2) Similarity for mixing velocity of homogeneous liquid phase. The authors conclude that the similarity in blending speed is obtained by equal impeller speeds. (3) Similarity for heat and mass transfer on the fixed surface. Rushton et al. proposed the method of scaling-up by the following equation. (n₂/n₁)=(D₁/D₂)⁽²ˣ⁻¹⁾/ˣ This criterion should be limited in the case of the heat and mass transfer on a fixed surface. (4) Similarity for suspension of solid particles, dispersion of gas and liquid, and mass transfer on dispersed objects. The authors support the criterion of equal power per unit volume proposed by W.Büche

Suitability of Membrane Bioreactor for treatment of recalcitrant textile dye wastewater utilising white-rot fungi

The performance of a laboratory scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) — utilizing a mixed microbial community dominated by fungi— for treatment of textile dye wastewater was investigated. A synthetic wastewater containing dye, starch (main contributor to total organic carbon, TOC) and other nutrients was used. Preliminary batch tests confirmed the superior decoloration capacity of pure fungus culture (Coriolus versicolor, NBRC 9791) as compared to that of conventional activated sludge. Simultaneous biosorption and biodegradation was evident in case of the fungus, while mainly biosorption was responsible for decoloration by activated sludge. On the other hand, activated sludge demonstrated comparatively faster TOC removal. Interestingly, stable removal of both color (over 99%) and TOC (over 98%) was achieved in the MBR under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day. The difference of reactor-supernatant and membrane-permeate quality substantiated the significant contribution of the membrane to the overall dye removal (biosorption, cake layer filtration, biodegradation)

A brainstem anosognosia of hemiparesis

A woman had anosognosia for hemiplegia as a manifestation of brainstem infarction. She had no mental or neuropsychological disturbances, and had involvement of the brainstem in the frontal/parietal-subcortical circuits to the right cerebral hemisphere. Brainstem lesions that disrupt frontal/parietal-subcortical areas may affect anosognosia for hemiplegia

Hamiltonian simulation using quantum singular value transformation: complexity analysis and application to the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation

Quantum computing can be used to speed up the simulation time (more precisely, the number of queries of the algorithm) for physical systems; one such promising approach is the Hamiltonian simulation (HS) algorithm. Recently, it was proven that the quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) achieves the minimum simulation time for HS. An important subroutine of the QSVT-based HS algorithm is the amplitude amplification operation, which can be realized via the oblivious amplitude amplification or the fixed-point amplitude amplification in the QSVT framework. In this work, we execute a detailed analysis of the error and number of queries of the QSVT-based HS and show that the oblivious method is better than the fixed-point one in the sense of simulation time for a given error tolerance. Based on this finding, we apply the QSVT-based HS to the one-dimensional linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation and demonstrate that the linear Landau damping can be successfully simulated.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figure