Geomorphological Criteria for Evaluating Liquefaction Potential Considering the Level-2 Ground Motion in Japan

In response to a bitter experience in the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu (Kobe) earthquake, the level-2 ground motion, extraordinarily strong shaking motion that would be caused by an earthquake directly under the area such as the 1995 earthquake, has been considered in seismic design of various kind of structures in Japan, in addition to the level-l general ground motion. Geomorphological criteria in the manual for zonation on liquefaction hazard issued by Land Planning Agency, which have been used a qualitative estimate of liquefaction potential were demanded to keep up with the above-mentioned trend of the time. The purpose of this study is to develop geomorphological criteria for evaluating liquefaction potential for the level-2 ground motion as well as the level-l ground motion based on case histories in the past earthquakes. The newly developed criteria are applied to the 1948 Fukui earthquake that induced the level-2 destructive motion. A liquefaction potential map is drawn up for the Fukui Plain affected by the earthquake. The result of the assessment based on the criteria was consistent with the actual performance of the ground during the 1948 event

Can the Cheetach Catch the Warthog? Reading stamina in EFL

This　paper　emphasizes　the　importance　of　stamina　in　the　EFL　context　and　makes　an　attempt　to seek　a　way　of　doing　research　on‘reading　stamina’in　the　future．　First，　we　will　give　an　overview　of the　present　situation　of　reading　class　in　Japan　and　leam　that　we　might　have　underestimated　stamina in　EFL．　Second，‘reading　stamina’will　be　introduced．　Third，　the　way　to　develop　reading　stamina will　be　proposed　by　clarifying　the　type　of　knowledge　we　need　to　have　in　EFL，　claiming　the　efficacy of　extensive　reading，　and　presenting　a　modified　model　of　Cummin’s　dual　iceberg　analogy．　Finally， we　will　discuss　what　we　have　to　examine　in　the　research　on　reading　stamina

A Quarter Century after the Monitor Model

Ths　paper　endeavors　to　ovewiew　Ktashen’s　Moni秋）r　Model　theory　and　itS面廿cs． The　Moni紋）r　Model，　which　oonsists　of五ve　hypotheses，　has　been　one　of　the　most h1∬uential　alld　oolltroversial　theories　hl　seoond　language　acquisition．　Most　of　the 面tics　came　f以）m　the　de舳tions　of　terminology血the　hypotheses．　In　the　lat£1970s and　tlle　1980s，　when　the　theory　had　reached　the　height　of　itS　popUlarity　and　declned， syntax　was　thought　to　be　the　core　of　language　acquisition　and　vocabular　sc，　peripheral． In　the　1990s，　vocab曲y　research　became　conspicuous　in　place　of　grammar．　Krashen made　a　breathtaking　90・degree　tum　over　to　the　reading　Hypothesis，　Frree　Voluntary Readng　for　the　defense　of　the　Moni軟）r　Model．　Research　on　vocabUlary　in　conteXt including　the　af50rdanoe　theory　win　have　an　important烈）le　in　unoovering　the mystery　of　seoond　language　acquisition

エイゴ タドク ジュギョウ ハ イチネン デ ジュウブン

英語多読は、英語を読む力を伸ばすよい方法であり、とくに読みの持久力をつけるには効果的であると考えられる。しかし学習者が多読授業で設定する到達点に届くことは容易ではない。日本人英語学習者は、そもそも英語の本を選書する経験が少ない。また多読をする上で適切な本は普段英語の授業で使用される教科書よりも平易なものであるため、多読用の選書について懐疑的である場合が多い。多読用選書ができるようになるには時間がかかる。さらに、英語多読は授業中のみならず授業外でも行われることが必須であるにもかかわらず、授業中のみの多読で終始する傾向が見られる。これでは英語多読授業の目標地点に到達することが極めて困難になる。本稿は、以上のような英語多読授業の到達目標に届かない理由を分析し、その対策を提案することを目的にする。具体的には、学習院における英語多読の現状を概観したのち、他校の成功例を参考にして、英語多読授業の複数年導入を提案する

A Development of Dynamic Deforming Algorithms for 3D Shape Modeling with Generation of Interactive Force Sensation

PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIU

From Input to Intelligence Stamina

Input　has　been　one　of　the　major　issues　in　the　fields　of　fbreign　language　leaming，　teaching，　and research．　There　have　been　various　kinds　of　leanling　and　teaching　methods　that　would　have　been thought　to　increase　the　amount　of　input　and　some　theories　examined　in　research　of　English　as　a　second 　language，　or　ESL　and　English　as　a　foreign　language，　or　EFL．　However，　the　leamers　of　ESL　and EFL　may　not　be　able　to　use　English　proficiently　no　matter　how　much　input　they　have　if　they　do not　care　about　the　environmental　conditions　and　their　physical　condition．　The　environment　surrounding 　the　leamers　should　not　be　ignored　because　it　always　influences　their　use　of　English． Language　learning　in　a　different　environment　leads　to　far　from　proficient　use　of　language．　Stamina is　indispensable　when　they　keep　using　English．　Lack　of　stamina　will　prevent　the　learner　from　executing 　sustainable　language　communication．　This　paper　aims　to　cast　a　spotlight　on　the　environment of　learning　EFL　and　stamina　in　language　use． Keywords：Dexterity，　EFL，．Flow，　Input，　Intelligence　Stamina

Dexterity and Its Development in EFL : Beyond input-output paradigm

This　paper　tries　to　examine　the　concept　of‘dexter晦，　and　seeks　a　way　to　app｝y　it　to　an EFL　context．　A　Russian　scientist　in　biomechanics　and　physiology　ca霊led　Nicholai　A． Bernstein　wrote　a　book‘‘On　1）extert’ 閨C　and　its　Development，，　more　than　half　a　century　ago， bu¢i¢was　not　published　because　of　the　politica且situation　in　those．days　in　U．S．S。R．　It appearedi　in　print　in　199L　Although　it　was　written　more　than　sixty　years　ago，　his　works still　stimulate　our　imagination　in　the　field　of　cognitive　science・Dexterity　is　a　capacity　or an　ability　which　defines　the　relati・nship　between　the　nerv・us　systems　and　skills・lt　is　a motor　ab曲y　to　quickly　find　a　correct　solution　for　a　problem　in　any　situation，　which　is to　exhibit　motor　witS　in　any　conditions．　It　may　enable　us　to　learn　how　we　acquire’　skills of　a　fbreign　language　no吐　through　the　viewpoint　of　hnguistics　b皿t　through　that　of biomechanics　and　physiology

Flow and Extensive Reading in EFL

This　present　paper　aims　to　uncover　what　prevents　EFL（English　as　a　fbreign　language）leamers 倉om　continuing　to　read　English　extensively　and　what　encourages　them　to　do　it　better　by　the concept　of／10w　by　Mihaly　Csikszentmihalyi．　Flow　is　a　state　of　mind　when　we　feel　happy　by　doing what　we　like　to　do　and　get　involved　in　it．　Autotelic，　one　of　major　elements　of．flow，　will　support　the concept　of　Free　Voluntary　Reading．　Optimal　experience，　another　major　element　offlow，　will　be　an ideal　state　of　reading　a　book　extensively．　The　nine　elements　of．flow　are　powerful　to　explain　about the　requirement　of　extensive　reading（ER）

Improvement of the optical properties of GaN epilayers on Si(111): Impact of GaAs layer thickness on Si and pre‐growth strategy

This paper reports the effect of the GaN coating layer on the optical properties of GaN epilayers grown on GaAs/Si(111). Almost crack free GaN epilayers are found to be grown when a thin (∼25 nm) GaN coating layer is inserted on 0.5 and 2 μm GaAs layers at 550 °C. Then nitridation of the GaAs layer is done through the coating layer by NH3 flow while the substrate temperature is ramped at 1000 °C for epilayer growth. An attempt has also been made by implementing an additional GaN interlayer at 800 °C while growth is continued for epilayer growth. For this growth strategy, cracks also happened without improvement of the epilayer quality. PL measurements show high excitonic peak energy and high excitonic to yellow band intensity ratio for GaN epilayers grown on the 0.5 μm GaAs converted layer (CL) using a thin GaN coating layer. Those values are also found to be comparable/ better than for epilayers grown on 2 μm CL