Efficient room-temperature magnetization direction detection by means of the enhanced anomalous Nernst effect in a Weyl ferromagnet

Spintronic phenomena exhibiting a longitudinal resistance change under magnetization reversal are a quite novel feature in nanoscience, which has been intensively studied in hopes of realizing all-electrical magnetization direction detection devices, where no reference ferromagnetic layer is required. However, cryogenic temperatures and/or high magnetic fields have been required to achieve noticeable effects. Here, the high heat-to-charge conversion efficiency of the Heusler alloy Weyl semimetal Co₂MnGa is exploited in single layer nanoscaled wires at room temperature to produce at least two orders of magnitude enhancement of the resistance change ratio, when compared with conventional ferromagnets. Such resistance change under magnetization reversal is consistently explained through temperature distribution simulations and direct thermoelectric measurements of the large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in this topologically nontrivial material. Although many reports consider ANE signals as perturbations or undesired artifacts, we demonstrate that they are dominant in this system and can be seized for nonvolatile memory readout, as shown in a prototype device. These results open up new horizons of using enhanced thermoelectric voltages in novel materials for magnetization direction detection in any system where significant temperature gradients exist

Selection of fusion levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the fulcrum bending radiograph prediction: verification based on pedicle screw strategy

E-Poster - Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: no. 297Utilizing the fulcrum bending radiographic technique to assess curve flexibility to aid in the selection of fusion levels, a prospective radiographic study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of pedicle screw fixation with alternate level screw strategy (ALSS) for thoracic AIS. This study suggests that ALSS obtains greater deformity correction than hook and hybrid systems, and improves balance without compromising fusion levels.postprin

Thermolabile phenotype of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II variations as a predisposing factor for influenza-associated encephalopathy

AbstractTo assess the etiology of influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE), a surveillance effort was conducted during 2000–2003 in South-West Japan. All fatal and handicapped patients except one (4/34 patients) exhibited a disorder of mitochondrial β-oxidation evoked by the inactivated carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) with transiently elevated serum acylcarnitine ratios (C16:0+C18:1)/C2>0.09 during high-grade fever. Analyses of genotypes and allele compositions of CPT II revealed a thermolabile phenotype of compound heterozygotes for [1055T>G/F352C] and [1102G>A/V368I], which shows a higher frequency in IAE patients than healthy volunteers (P<0.025). The thermolabile phenotype of CPT II variations may be a principal genetic background of IAE in Japanese

Investigation of the thermal tolerance of silicon-based lateral spin valves

Improvement in the thermal tolerance of Si-based spin devices is realized by employing thermally stable nonmagnetic (NM) electrodes. For Au/Ta/Al electrodes, intermixing between Al atoms and Au atoms occurs at approximately 300 °C, resulting in the formation of a Au/Si interface. The Au–Si liquid phase is formed and diffuses mainly along an in-plane direction between the Si and AlN capping layers, eventually breaking the MgO layer of the ferromagnetic (FM) metal/MgO electrodes, which is located 7 µm away from the NM electrodes. By changing the layer structure of the NM electrode from Au/Ta/Al to Au/Ta, the thermal tolerance is clearly enhanced. Clear spin transport signals are obtained even after annealing at 400 °C. To investigate the effects of Mg insertion in FM electrodes on thermal tolerance, we also compare the thermal tolerance among Fe/Co/MgO, Fe/Co/Mg/MgO and Fe/Co/MgO/Mg contacts. Although a highly efficient spin injection has been reported by insertion of a thin Mg layer below or above the MgO layer, these thermal tolerances decrease obviously

In vitro transcription of compound heterozygous hypofibrinogenemia Matsumoto IX; first identification of FGB IVS6 deletion of 4 nucleotides and FGG IVS3-2A > G causing abnormal RNA splicing

ArticleClinica Chimica Acta. 411(17-18):1325-1329 (2010)journal articl

Landau Model for Commensurate-Commensurate Phase Transitions in Uniaxial Improper Ferroelectric Crystals

We propose the Landau model for lock-in phase transitions in uniaxially modulated improper ferroelectric incommensurate-commensurate systems of class I. It includes Umklapp terms of third and fourth order and secondary order parameter representing the local polarization. The corresponding phase diagram has the structure of harmless staircase, with the allowed wave numbers obeying the Farey tree algorithm. Among the stable commensurate phases only those with periods equal to odd number of lattice constants have finite macroscopic polarizations. These results are in excellent agreement with experimental findings in some A2BX4 compounds.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, revtex, to be published in Journal of Physics: Cond. Matter as a Letter to the Edito

Chromosomal Aberrations in Normal and AT Cells Exposed to High Dose of Low Dose Rate Irradiation

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a human autosomally recessive syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectases, immune dysfunction, and genomic instability, and high rate of cancer incidence. A-T cell lines are abnormally sensitive to agents that induce DNA double strand breaks, including ionizing radiation. The diverse clinical features in individuals affected by A-T and the complex cellular phenotypes are all linked to the functional inactivation of a single gene (AT mutated). It is well known that cells deficient in ATM show increased yields of both simple and complex chromosomal aberrations after high-dose-rate irradiation, but, less is known on how cells respond to low-dose-rate irradiation. It has been shown that AT cells contain a large number of unrejoined breaks after both low-dose-rate irradiation and high-dose-rate irradiation, however sensitivity for chromosomal aberrations at low-dose-rate are less often studied. To study how AT cells respond to low-dose-rate irradiation, we exposed confluent normal and AT fibroblast cells to up to 3 Gy of gamma-irradiation at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/day and analyzed chromosomal aberrations in G0 using fusion PCC (Premature Chromosomal Condensation) technique. Giemsa staining showed that 1 Gy induces around 0.36 unrejoined fragments per cell in normal cells and around 1.35 fragments in AT cells, whereas 3Gy induces around 0.65 fragments in normal cells and around 3.3 fragments in AT cells. This result indicates that AT cells can rejoin breaks less effectively in G0 phase of the cell cycle? compared to normal cells. We also analyzed chromosomal exchanges in normal and AT cells after exposure to 3 Gy of low-dose-rate rays using a combination of G0 PCC and FISH techniques. Misrejoining was detected in the AT cells only? When cells irradiated with 3 Gy were subcultured and G2 chromosomal aberrations were analyzed using calyculin-A induced PCC technique, the yield of unrejoined breaks decreased in both normal and AT cells and misrejoined breaks increased in both cell lines. The present study suggests that AT cells begin to rejoin breaks when a certain number of breaks are accumulated and an increased number of exchanges were observed in G0 AT cells, which is similar situation after high-dose-rate irradiation