Exploiting Cation Structure and Water Content in Modulating the Acidity of Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Protic Ionic Liquids

In this paper, we investigated the effect of cation structure and water content on proton dissociation in alkylammonium [HSO₄]⁻ protic ionic liquids (ILs) doped with 20 wt % water and correlated this with experimental Hammett acidities. For pure systems, increased cation substitution resulted in a reduction in the number of direct anion–anion neighbors leading to larger numbers of small aggregates, which is further enhanced with addition of water. We also observed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO₄]⁻ to water only for primary amine-based protic ILs, preceded by the formation of an anion trimer motif. Investigation using DFT calculations revealed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO₄]⁻ to water can occur for each of the protic ILs investigated; however, this is dependent on the size of the anion aggregates. These findings are important in the fields of catalysis and lignocellulosic biomass, where solvent acidity is a crucial parameter in biomass fractionation and lignin chemistry

Aplicação tópica de moléculas de RNA de fita dupla visando o gene do nucleocapsídeo confere proteção contra groundnut ringspost virus.

Tropical application of double-stranded RNA molecules targeting the nucleocapside gene confers protection against groundnut ringspot virus. Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) is a devastating plant pathogen that causes huge crop losses worldwide. In Brazil, the disease is known as 'vira-cabeça do tomateiro', being particularly destructive to tomato plants. The control of this disease is frequently carried out by the use of resistant cultivars. However, due to the emergence of resistance-breaking strains, new disease management strategies are necessary. RNA interference-based approaches represent attractive and promising tools against viral infections in plants. Furthermore, non-transgenic and transgenic approaches by expression of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules homologous to genomic regions of viruses have been successfully developed for viral management. In this work, dsRNA molecules deriving from the nucleocapsid (N) gene sequence of GRSV were produced in vitro and topically applied onto tomato seedlings (cv. BRS Sena) to test for protection against the virus

Latest advances in the use of double stranded RNA as a tool for viral protection in tomato plants.

Lately, great attention has been diverted to elucidating the mechanisms underlining plant gene silencing and the action of non-coding RNA in plants. Concomitantly, knowledge about the interactions between plants and pathogens has evolved greatly, bringing to the spotlight the importance of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a tool to generate or improve resistance against plant pathogens

Últimos avanços no uso de RNA de fita dupla como ferramenta para proteção viral em plantas de tomate.

Latest advances in the use of double-stranded RNA as tool for viral protection in tomato plants. Lately, great attention has been diverted to elucidating the mechanisms underlining plant gene silencing and the action of non-coding RNA in plants. Concomitantly, knowledge about the interactions between plants and pathogens has evolved greatly, bringing to the spotlight the importance of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a tool to generate or improve resistance against plant pathogens. Plant viruses are responsible for important losses in the yield of several commodities. Viruses are very diverse, and to date, no products available in the market allow effective control of viral infections. The use of dsRNA molecules as a tool is based on the plant gene-silencing pathways (GS). After being topically applied, the dsRNA can activate GS, which uses it as a template for synthesizing small RNAs, leading to the degradation of specific RNA molecules present in the plant cell

RNAi: uma estratégia a ser explorada para a indução de resistência a viroses em tomateiro.

bitstream/item/152688/1/edicao20-inoueNagata.pd

Field-Induced gap due to four-spin exchange in a spin ladder

The effect of the four-spin cyclic exchange interaction at each plaquette in the $S=1/2$ two-leg spin ladder is investigated at T=0, especially focusing on the field-induced gap. The strong rung coupling approximation suggests that it yields a plateau at half of the saturation moment ($m=1/2$) in the magnetization curve, which corresponds to a field-induced spin gap with a spontaneous breaking of the translational symmetry. A precise phase diagram at $m=1/2$ is also presented based on the level spectroscopy analysis of the numerical data obtained by Lanczos method. The boundary between the gapless and plateau phases is confirmed to be of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) universality class.Comment: 10 pages, 3 eps figures (embedded), to be published in J. Phys.: Cond. Matte

Análise de sequenciamento revela que pimentão é um novo hospedeiro potencial de potato leafroll virus.

Sequencing analysis reveals that peppers is a potencial new host for potato leafroll virus. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) are among the most important vegetable crops worldwide. However, these crops are severely affected by multiple viral diseases. To survey the diversity of viral species infecting tomato and pepper plants in different regions of Brazil, symptomatic plants were sampled from the Federal District, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Goiás and São Paulo states. Pools of leaves were used for semi-purification of virus particles through a method of differential centrifugation. The pellets were resuspended and used for total RNA extraction, followed by standard Illumina library preparation with ribosomal RNA deletion, and sequencing

Sequencing analysis reveals that pepper is a potencial new host for potato leafroll virus.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) are among the most important vegetable crops worldwide. However, these crops are severely affected by multiple viral diseases. To survey the diversity of viral species infecting tomato and pepper plants in different regions of Brazil, symptomatic plants were sampled from the Federal District, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Goiás and São Paulo states