Metallurgical and Corrosion Property of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy-Ti6Al4V

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an important manufacturing technology that has changed the way products are designed and manufactured. Laser Metal Deposition (LMD), an AM technology, has the capability of producing components using a 3-Dimensional CAD model, through a layer by layer formation process just like any other AM technology. In this study, the influence of the scanning speed on the corrosion property of Titanium alloy-Ti6Al4V using LMD process was investigated. The scanning speed varied between 0.02 m/s and 0.14 m/s while other processing parameters were kept constant. The electrochemical corrosion test was conducted in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The result revealed that the corrosion resistance property was found to increase with the scanning speed

Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-mechanical Properties of Ado-Ekiti Natural Moulding Sands for Foundry Applications

Poor casting quality is associated with the use of locally available moulding sands without recourse to their suitability through adequate knowledge of their properties. The properties of some Ado-Ekiti moulding sands were therefore examined with the aim of establishing their suitability or otherwise for foundry applications. Some natural sand samples were obtained from Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese within Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Their chemical compositions were determined and analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer technique and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sands’ physico-mechanical properties were also examined in line with American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results of the chemical analysis indicated that the sands contained silica and aluminium oxide as their major constituents with values of 63.83 – 79.23% and 12.20 – 23.76% respectively. The Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese sands respectively possessed American Foundry-Men’s Society Grain Fineness Number (AFS-GFN): 63.27, 61.08, 66.98 and 61.12; clay content: 12, 13, 10 and 6%; moisture content: 12.04, 12.25, 12.23 and 11.92%; permeability 86.2, 87.5, 86.3 and 88.2%; flowability: 67.87, 68.50, 67.40 and 67.25%; green compression strength: 120.9, 63.6, 70.9 and 82.0 kN/m2; dry compression strength: 203.0, 101.8, 191.0 and 76.4 kN/m2. Each of the samples has refractoriness above 1200oC. The sands (except that of Ogbese sand) can be used naturally as core if the core length is short due to rapid decrease in the sands’ hot strength from 1100oC. These properties were found to fall within the required values for casting of most ferrous and non-ferrous metals, except that of Ogbese sand. Comparison of the results obtained from the studied sands’ properties with that of AFS mould sand properties for various types of castings revealed that the studied sands have the potential for use in sand casting process for metals like grey steel, light steels, brass, bronze and aluminum. Meanwhile, the properties of Ogbese natural sand can be improved with application of additive like bentonite to enhance its suitability for sand casting application

Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Ado-Ekiti Natural Moulding Sands for Foundry Applications

Poor casting quality is associated with the use of locally available moulding sands without recourse to their suitability through adequate knowledge of their properties. The properties of some Ado-Ekiti moulding sands were therefore examined with the aim of establishing their suitability or otherwise for foundry applications. Some natural sand samples were obtained from Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese within Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Their chemical compositions were determined and analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer technique and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sands’ physico-mechanical properties were also examined in line with American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results of the chemical analysis indicated that the sands contained silica and aluminium oxide as their major constituents with values of 63.83 – 79.23% and 12.20 – 23.76% respectively. The Ureje, Omisanjana, Odo Ayo and Ogbese sands respectively possessed American Foundry-Men’s Society Grain Fineness Number (AFS-GFN): 63.27, 61.08, 66.98 and 61.12; clay content: 12, 13, 10 and 6%; moisture content: 12.04, 12.25, 12.23 and 11.92%; permeability 86.2, 87.5, 86.3 and 88.2%; flowability: 67.87, 68.50, 67.40 and 67.25%; green compression strength: 120.9, 63.6, 70.9 and 82.0 kN/m2; dry compression strength: 203.0, 101.8, 191.0 and 76.4 kN/m2. Each of the samples has refractoriness above 1200oC. The sands (except that of Ogbese sand) can be used naturally as core if the core length is short due to rapid decrease in the sands’ hot strength from 1100oC. These properties were found to fall within the required values for casting of most ferrous and non-ferrous metals, except that of Ogbese sand. Comparison of the results obtained from the studied sands’ properties with that of AFS mould sand properties for various types of castings revealed that the studied sands have the potential for use in sand casting process for metals like grey steel, light steels, brass, bronze and aluminum. Meanwhile, the properties of Ogbese natural sand can be improved with application of additive like bentonite to enhance its suitability for sand casting application

The suitability of using environmental waste (polystyrene foam, sawdust and eggshells) for developing a hybrid composite for ceiling boards

This study considers the suitability of using environmental wastes (polystyrene foam, sawdust and eggshell) for the development of composite materials for ceiling boards. The materials were collected from dumping sites and processed accordingly. The elemental compositions of the processed sawdust and eggshell were examined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (ASS) and plasma-optical emission spectrometer (Optimal 3100XL Perkin Elmer) respectively. Properties of the composite samples were determined using appropriate ASTM standards (ASTM D570, C109-95, D3479, E1530 and D7336/D7336M). The results show that the composite with a mix ratio of 5% Polystyrene, 10% sawdust and 40% eggshell exhibited the most suitable properties for ceiling board production or indoor uses in building: water absorption (0.52 and 6.17% for 2 and 24hours respectively), tensile strength (2.362 N/mm2), elongation at break (0.677 mm), compressive strength (0.1575 N/mm2), energy to break (0.016 N.m) and thermal conductivity of 0.0221 W/M.K. Thus, the production of suitable ceiling board using some bio-wastes can be domesticated in Nigeria

Suitability of some Selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) Natural Moulding Sands’ Properties for Sand Casting

 In achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation self-reliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into the country