Differential activation of basal and IL-7-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 signaling distinguishes pediatric from adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Optimization of supersonic axisymmetric nozzles with a center body for aerospace propulsion

International audienceThis study is aimed at optimization of axisymmetric nozzles with a center body, which are suitable for thrust engines having an annular duct. To determine the §ow conditions and nozzle dimensions, the Vinci rocket engine is chosen as a prototype. The nozzle contours are described by 2nd and 3rd order analytical functions and speci¦ed by a set of geometrical parameters. A direct optimization method is used to design maximum thrust nozzle contours. During optimization, the §ow of multispecies re-active gas is simulated by an Euler code. Several optimized contours have been obtained for the center body diameter ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 m. For these contours, Navier Stokes (NS) simulations have been performed to take into account viscous e¨ects assuming adiabatic and cooled wall conditions. The paper presents an analysis of factors in §uencing the nozzle thrust

Optimization of supersonic axisymmetric nozzles with a center body for aerospace propulsion

This study is aimed at optimization of axisymmetric nozzles with a center body, which are suitable for thrust engines having an annular duct. To determine the flow conditions and nozzle dimensions, the Vinci rocket engine is chosen as a prototype. The nozzle contours are described by 2nd and 3rd order analytical functions and specified by a set of geometrical parameters. A direct optimization method is used to design maximum thrust nozzle contours. During optimization, the flow of multispecies reactive gas is simulated by an Euler code. Several optimized contours have been obtained for the center body diameter ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 m. For these contours, Navier-Stokes (NS) simulations have been performed to take into account viscous effects assuming adiabatic and cooled wall conditions. The paper presents an analysis of factors influencing the nozzle thrust

Mass transport deposits in deep-water minibasins: Outcropping examples from the minibasins adjacent to the Bakio salt wall (Basque Country, Northern Spain)

International audienceRecent subsurface studies show that mass-transport deposits (MTDs) in salt-controlled basins may correspond to local or regional bodies induced by either regional tectonics, or diapir growth. These MTDs are commonly considered as muddy bodies but they may alternatively incorporate a high amount of clasts and reworked beds with good reservoir properties and thus they are often challenging deposits in oil and gas exploration. The minibasins adjacent to the Bakio salt diapir, in northern Spain, provide a unique opportunity to study up to seven outcropping MTDs comparable in size to subsurface examples. Detailed structural analysis was used to reconstruct the transport direction for each MTD and to infer their source locations. In addition, facies analyses enabled the estimation of their percent of mud or matrix, allowing for a discussion on their potential reservoir and seal properties. At least six of the studied MTDs correspond to locally-derived MTDs sourced from the Bakio diapir or from the footwall of the adjacent sub-salt extensional faults. The primary trigger for these MTDs may be halokinesis, probably with contributions from other secondary processes, such as carbonate platform aggradation, high sedimentation rates and regional extension. Transport directions together with palaeoflow analysis suggests that regionally-derived turbidites flowed along the minibasin axis, while MTDs were transported laterally from the minibasin margins at high angle with the turbidity flows. We identified three types of MTDs: muddy siliciclastic-dominated MTDs, sandstone clast-rich siliciclastic-dominated MTDs and carbonate-dominated MTDs. Using this classification and subsurface analogs we propose a model of locally-derived MTDs according to the nature of the source area and the sedimentary facies reworked along the MTD downslope trajectories. This model suggests that reservoir and seal properties could be suggested for MTDs in subsurface studies by characterizing the nature of the diapir roof and the facies at the seafloor found along the MTDs trajectories. © 2021 Elsevier Lt

Controls on timing of exhumation and deformation in the northern Peruvian eastern Andean wedge as inferred from low-temperature thermochronology and balanced cross section

In northern Peru, a 500km long regional balanced section has been constructed across the eastern Andean wedge, using fieldwork, industrial seismic sections, and wells. The structure is characterized by a thin-skinned thrust system involving the Eastern Cordillera (EC), the sub-Andean zone (SAZ), and the Maranon foredeep. In the SAZ and the easternmost foredeep the development of the thrust system has been driven by the combination of two structural events. Permian thrust faults had been reactivated to form a basement duplex underlying the SAZ and the foredeep. At the same time a Triassic-Jurassic extensional basin has been transported as a crustal ramp anticline on to the duplex roof fault, giving rise to the EC. The impingement of the EC was responsible for the deformation of the SAZ and the propagation of the thrust wedge. The minimum shortening calculated is 142km, representing a shortening strain of similar to-28%. A sequential restoration calibrated by (U-Th)/He and Fission Track dating on apatites and vitrinite reflectance values shows that shortening rates vary from 7.1mmyr(-1) between 17 and 8Ma to 3.6mmyr(-1) between 8Ma and today and suggests that the thrust wedge commenced propagation between 30 and 24 Ma. When compared with other Andean thrust wedges, we suggest that the timing of the thrust wedge propagation is not a simple function of the distance to the hinge of the Bolivian orocline and the propagation is not controlled by the precipitation regime. We rather suggest that reactivated basement faults favored thrust wedge propagation