THE EFFECTS OF GOLF SHAFT AND CLUBHEAD ON THE VELOCITY OF CLUB-HEAD AND BALL

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the influence of the bending stiffness of the golf shaft on the velocity of the club-head and the ball, and 2) the influence of different club-heads on the velocity of the club-head and the ball. Four different drivers made up of two different shaft stiffness (R-stiff, L-flexible) and club head (Titanium, Graphite) were used in the experiments. The results showed that the shaft stiffness L resulted in slower before-impact club head velocity than the shaft stiffness R, whereas the shaft stiffness L resulted in higher maximum ball velocity than shaft stiffness R. But the result in the statistics showed no significant club-head material effect on either clubhead velocity or the ball velocity. And there was no significant shaft stiffness effect on either club-head velocity or the ball velocity

Economic Analysis of Insect Control Strategies Using an Integrated Crop Ecosystem Management Model

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): Economic Analysis of Insect Control Strategies Using an Integrated Crop Ecosystem Management Model. Manuscript IT 06 001. Vol. VIII. September, 2006

Quantum interference of electromagnetic fields from remote quantum memories

We observe quantum, Hong-Ou-Mandel, interference of fields produced by two remote atomic memories. High-visibility interference is obtained by utilizing the finite atomic memory time in four-photon delayed coincidence measurements. Interference of fields from remote atomic memories is a crucial element in protocols for scalable generation of multi-node remote qubit entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Blunt-end vectors generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct cloning of blunt-end DNA fragments

Blunt-end cloning is a convenient way to clone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products generated by proof-reading DNA polymerase. However, it is a time consuming procedure to prepare the linearized blunt-end vector, which usually involves plasmid extraction and restriction enzyme digestion. Moreover, 5’ dephosporylation of the vector is usually required to avoid vector self-ligation. Here, we reported a method for generating linearized blunt-end vector pBSK-blunt by PCR. Vector generated in this way has no 5’-phosphate groups, hence completely avoiding vector self-ligation and yielding almost 100% positive clones.Key words: Blunt-end cloning, phosphorylated DNA fragment, dephosphorylated blunt-end vector

Entanglement of remote atomic qubits

We report observations of entanglement of two remote atomic qubits, achieved by generating an entangled state of an atomic qubit and a single photon at Site A, transmitting the photon to Site B in an adjacent laboratory through an optical fiber, and converting the photon into an atomic qubit. Entanglement of the two remote atomic qubits is inferred by performing, locally, quantum state transfer of each of the atomic qubits onto a photonic qubit and subsequent measurement of polarization correlations in violation of the Bell inequality |S| <2. We experimentally determine S =2.16 +/- 0.03. Entanglement of two remote atomic qubits, each qubit consisting of two independent spin wave excitations, and reversible, coherent transfer of entanglement between matter and light, represent important advances in quantum information science.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Microfluidic-Generated Biopolymer Microparticles as Cargo Delivery Systems

Droplet microfluidics offers precise and simultaneous control of multiple fluids at microscale, which enables synthesis of novel microparticles with compositional and structural diversity in a controllable way. The morphology and functionality of generated microparticles can be well designed by modulating the hydrodynamic profile as well as geometric structures. The synergistic combination of droplet microfluidics with biodegradable materials makes it possible to encapsulate actives/drugs inside microparticles at high efficiency for drug delivery. The utilization of these microfluidic-generated microparticles with the characteristics of easy biodegradability and good biocompatibility in the field of drug delivery has made considerable progress in recent years. In this review, the commonly used structures of microchannel and methods to generate microparticles with droplet microfluidics are introduced. In addition, recent advances of biodegradable microparticles in the application of drug delivery are discussed and summarized with the focus on two kinds of biopolymers for preparing biodegradable microspheres, natural biopolymers, and synthetic biopolymers. Next, environment-sensing microencapsulation systems have been discussed because of their ability to release drug upon external stimulation, thereby allowing on-demand drug delivery. Finally, current challenges of utilizing microparticles in drug delivery are pointed out and some perspectives for the future direction in research and applications are provided

Probing the magnetic ground state of the molecular Dysprosium triangle

We present zero field muon spin lattice relaxation measurements of a Dysprosium triangle molecular magnet. The local magnetic fields sensed by the implanted muons indicate the coexistence of static and dynamic internal magnetic fields below $T^* ~35$ K. Bulk magnetization and heat capacity measurements show no indication of magnetic ordering below this temperature. We attribute the static fields to the slow relaxation of the magnetization in the ground state of Dy3. The fluctuation time of the dynamic part of the field is estimated to be ~0.55 $\mu$s at low temperaturesComment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Spent Mushroom Substrate Extract on Milk and Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Serum Antioxidant Capacity of Dairy Cows

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract (HWE) from spent mushroom substrate on milk and serum immunoglobulin levels and serum antioxidant capacity.Methods: Forty cows within the same parity and stage of lactation and with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups of 10 cows each. The daily dietary dosage of HWE was 0, 33, 67, and 100 g for control and the three experimental groups EG1, EG2, and EG3, respectively. Serum antioxidant activity as well as milk and serum immunoglobulin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: After administration for 60 days, no significant differences in milk IgG, IgA, or IgM concentrations were detected among the experimental groups, but serum IgA concentration was significantly higher in EG1, EG2, and EG3 groups compared with control group (p &lt; 0.01). Additionally, significant differences were detected in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and mean serum TAC concentration among control, EG1, EG2, and EG3 groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The results suggest that when utilized as a feed additive, HWE may enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows, and subsequently improve milk quality.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, Spent mushroom substrate, Immunoglobulin, Antioxidant capacity, Dairy cow