49 research outputs found
Effects of deposition time and post-deposition annealing on the physical and chemical properties of electrodeposited CdS thin films for solar cell application
CdS thin films were cathodically electrodeposited by means of a two-electrode deposition system
for different durations. The films were characterised for their structural, optical, morphological
and compositional properties using x-ray diffraction (XRD), spectrophotometry, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) respectively. The results obtained
show that the physical and chemical properties of these films are significantly influenced by the
deposition time and post-deposition annealing. This influence manifests more in the as-deposited
materials than in the annealed ones. XRD results show that the crystallite sizes of the different
films are in the range (9.4 – 65.8) nm and (16.4 – 66.0) nm in the as-deposited and annealed
forms respectively. Optical measurements show that the absorption coefficients are in the range
(2.7×104 – 6.7×104) cm-1 and (4.3×104 – 7.2×104) cm-1 respectively for as-deposited and annealed
films. The refractive index is in the range (2.40 – 2.60) for as-deposited films and come to the
value of 2.37 after annealing. The extinction coefficient varies in the range (0.1 – 0.3) in asdeposited
films and becomes 0.1 in annealed films. The estimated energy bandgap of the films is
in the range (2.48 – 2.50) eV for as-deposited films and becomes 2.42 eV for all annealed films.
EDX results show that all the films are S-rich in chemical composition with fairly uniform Cd/S
ratio after annealing. The results show that annealing improves the qualities of the films and
deposition time can be used to control the film thickness.
Keywords: Electrodeposition; two-electrode system; CdS; annealing; deposition time; thin-film
Development and characterization of highly oriented PAN nanofiber
A simple and non-conventional electrospinning technique was employed for producing highly oriented Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. The PAN nanofibers were electrospun from 14 wt% solution of PAN in dimethylformamid (DMF) at 11 kv on a rotating drum with various linear speeds from 22.5 m/min to 67.7 m/min. The influence of take up velocity was investigated on the degree of alignment, internal structure and mechanical properties of collected PAN nanofibers. Using an image processing technique, the best degree of alignment was obtained for those nanofibers collected at a take up velocity of 59.5 m/min. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was used for measuring molecular orientation of PAN nanofibers. Similarly, a maximum chain orientation parameter of 0.25 was determined for nanofibers collected at a take up velocity of 59.5 m/min