Abnormal uterine bleeding: a clinicohistopathological analysis

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common problem for the patients and the gynecologists. It adversely effects on the quality of life and psychology of women. It is of special concern in developing country as it adds to the causes of anemia. Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is not complete without tissue diagnosis especially in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women. Histological characteristics of endometrial biopsy material as assessed by light microscopy remains the diagnostic standard for the diagnosis of endometrial pathology.Methods: In our prospective study of 359 Patients of the age between 46 &73 years, clinical characteristics and the pattern of endometrial histopathology and their association in women, who present with abnormal uterine bleeding, are categorised into six groups.  Results: In our study, a significant correlation of histopathology &BMI was observed with endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy in obese patient i.e. 37 out 96 and 13 out of 23 respectively. The incidence of malignancy has been increasing with the age being 1.6% in 46-50 years to 60% in 70-75 years. In our study 116 (32.3%) had hypertension, 33 patients (9.2%) had diabetes mellitus, 40 patients (11.1%) had hypothyroidism.Conclusions: We found a maximum incidence of AUB in multiparous women. Clinicohistopathological analysis of AUB revealed endometrial hyperplasia in majority of patients

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of drug expenditure in government medical college and hospital, Vijayawada, India

Background: To conduct economic analysis in tertiary care hospital with a view to identify the categories of drugs needing stringent management control.Methods: The annual consumption and expenditure data is obtained from the drug store of government general hospital, Vijayawada, for the period of April 2015 to March 2016. ABC-VED analysis of the drugs are done based on cost and criticality criteria respectively. ABC-VED matrix analysis was done to classify drugs into category I, II, III.Results: The total annual drug expenditure incurred on 299 drug items for the year 2015-2016 was found to be Rs:4,47,04,446. On ABC analysis, 4%, 9.36%, 86.64% of drugs were found to be Always, Better, and Control category items respectively, amounting to 68.92%, 20.05%, 11.03% of annual drug expenditure. VED analysis showed that 32.10%, 45.5%, 22.4% of drug items were Vital, Essential, and Desirable category items respectively, amounting to 35.3%, 37.1%, 27.6% of annual drug expenditure respectively. By ABC-VED matrix analysis, 34.11%, 46.49%, 19.4% of drug items were found to be category I (high stringent), II (medium stringent), III (low stringent) respectively, amounting to 80.76%, 17.46%, 1.77% of annual drug expenditure respectively.Conclusions: The study identified 34.11% of drug items belonging to category I which require high priority monitoring. Inventory management tools must be routinely used for the better control and judicious use of the resources

Factors Affecting Student\u27s Performance and Intention to Use Hybrid Mode Learning

The central question in this paper is: How to be more effective and efficient in H-mode Learning. Specifically, this paper proposes that various designs (Student\u27s location, software, and contents at students\u27 screens) in H mode Learning will affect the students\u27 perceived resource availability, interaction and attention, which then impact students\u27 academic performance and their intention to use H-mode. The research is in progress. The Memorial University of Newfoundland has currently adapted the H-mode Learning for the fall semester, September 2021. We intend to collect data from our university and plan to observe and analyze it. Researching on H-mode would give the students and the universities a better alternative to focus on and could help better the course structure and student academic outcomes. The research would pave its way for researchers in MIS to learn and explore more about the evolving method of learning

Study of Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Fibers before and after Alkali Treatment

The Tensile, Flexural properties, Chemical resistance and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis of bamboo, jute and grass fibers reinforced polyester composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo, jute and grass fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that flexural properties of the hybrid composite increase with bamboo fiber content. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treated leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glass/Bamboo reinforced epoxy composites. The effect of alkali treatment on the bonding between Glass/Bamboo composites was also studied. The chemical resistance of Bamboo, jute and grass reinforced polyester composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, carbon tetrachloride and water was studied. Keywords:Bamboo fiber, jute fiber, grass fiber composites, chemical resistance, polyester, flexural strength, tensile strength, SEM test, chemical resistance test

Effect of Al addition on microstructure of AZ91D

Casting is a net shape or near net shape forming process so work-hardening will not be applicable for improving properties of magnesium cast alloys. Grain refinement, solid-solution strengthening, precipitation hardening and specially designed heat treatment are the techniques used to enhance the properties of these alloys. This research focusses on grain refinement of magnesium alloy AZ91D, which is a widely used commercial cast alloy. Recently, Al-B based master alloys have shown potential in grain refining AZ91D. A comparative study of the grain refinement of AZ91D by addition of 0.02wt%B, 0.04wt%B, 0.1wt%B, 0.5wt%B and 1.0wt%B of A1-5B master alloy and equivalent amount of solute element aluminium is described in this paper. Hardness profile of AZ91D alloyed with boron and aluminium is compared

Investigation on Cascade Multilevel inverter for Medium and High-Power Applications

It is hard to connect a single power semiconductor switch directly to medium voltage grids (2.3, 3.3, 4.16, or 6.9 kV). For these reasons, a new family of multilevel inverters has emerged as the solution for working with higher voltage levels. Multilevel inverters have received more attention in industrial application, such as motor drives, static VAR compensators and renewable energy systems, etc. Primarily multilevel inverters are known to have output voltages with more than two levels. As a result, the inverter output voltages have reduced harmonic distortions and high quality of waveforms. Additionally, the devices are confined to fraction of dc-link voltage. These characteristics make multilevel inverter to adopt for high-power and high-voltage applications. A good number of multilevel inverter topologies have been proposed during the last two decades. Contemporary research has engaged novel converter topologies and unique modulation schemes. Moreover, four major multilevel inverter structures have been reported in the literature these are as follows: cascaded H-bridges inverter (CHB) with separate dc sources, diode clamped (neutral-clamped), and flying capacitors (capacitor clamped), P2 Multilevel inverters. Although different multilevel inverter exists, Cascade Multilevel Inverter (CMI) is one of the productive topology from multilevel family. In reality, on comparing with other multilevel based topologies, CMI feature a high modularity degree because each inverter can be seen as a module with similar circuit topology, control structure, and modulation. Therefore, in the case of a fault in one of these modules, it is possible to replace it quickly and easily. Moreover, with an appropriated control strategy, it is possible to bypass the faulty module without stopping the load, bringing an almost continuous overall availability. All this features make CMI an outstanding power converter. However, one of the greatest limitations of CMI is utilization of separate DC source for each H-Bridge cell. This not only increases cost but also affects the reliability of the system. This is the key motivation for this dissertation. In the present work, we have investigated different CMI based topologies with separate and single DC sources and finally proposed a new CMI based configuration with single dc source by using three-phase transformers. The proposed CMI based inverter presented in this thesis is well defined with logical and mathematical approach. Additionally to illustrate the merits, it is compared with traditional multilevel inverters. The feasibility of proposed inverter is demonstrated with different illustrations and confirmed by experimental results. The proposed CMI is well suited for grid / photovoltaic and FACTS systems. To elevate the application of proposed CMI a shunt active power filter (APF) design is demonstrated. In this case, the goal is to inject, in parallel with the load, compensation current to get a sinusoidal source current. The proposed APF is verified through Matlabsimulation. Finally, Opal-RT verifications are performed to verify the final design

Industrial Automation on the Specification of HT Capacitor

Designing of capacitors has acquired so much attention in the development and recently different types of capacitors are also developed in the industry. Considering all the benefits such as power factor improvement, reduction of power losses, increasing efficiency so on. Capacitors are also used to raise the quality of supply and safe handling of power equipments. The main objective of this paper is focused on the design process of the power capacitor and different parameter of the capacitor. In the design process of the capacitor, parameters are considered namely microfarad rating of capacitor, Loss angle (tan delta), and temperature of capacitor. All these parameter are measured manually by the operator in the industry and this is sponsored by Sharada Electronics Pvt Ltd, MIDC Miraj. Most of the power system fails if there is any damage of capacitor so this system is designed in such a way that it measures all parameter automatically and send it to the control room to avoid the faults that are ignored by the operator. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15026