108 research outputs found
Callisto's Atmosphere and Its Space Environment: Prospects for the Particle Environment Package on Board JUICE
The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of the European Space Agency will investigate Jupiter and its icy moons Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, with the aim to better understand the origin and evolution of our Solar System and the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants. The Particle Environment Package (PEP) on board JUICE is designed to measure neutrals and ions and electrons at thermal, suprathermal, and radiation belt energies (eV to MeV). In the vicinity of Callisto, PEP will characterize the plasma environment, the outer parts of Callisto's atmosphere and ionosphere and their interaction with Jupiter's dynamic magnetosphere. Roughly 20 Callisto flybys with closest approaches between 200 and 5,000 km altitude are planned over the course of the JUICE mission. In this article, we review the state of the art regarding Callisto's ambient environment and magnetospheric interaction with recent modeling efforts for Callisto's atmosphere and ionosphere. Based on this review, we identify science opportunities for the PEP observations to optimize scientific insight gained from the foreseen JUICE flybys. These considerations will inform both science operation planning of PEP and JUICE and they will guide future model development for Callisto's atmosphere, ionosphere, and their interaction with the plasma environment
Design and construction of the MicroBooNE Cosmic Ray Tagger system
The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber
(LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the
Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground
level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related
detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce
these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external
Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT). This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for
High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics,
University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to
provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles.
Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce
cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and
LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and
installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series
of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components
during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs II. Data/Simulation Comparison and Performance in MicroBooNE
The single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) provides a
large amount of detailed information in the form of fine-grained drifted
ionization charge from particle traces. To fully utilize this information, the
deposited charge must be accurately extracted from the raw digitized waveforms
via a robust signal processing chain. Enabled by the ultra-low noise levels
associated with cryogenic electronics in the MicroBooNE detector, the precise
extraction of ionization charge from the induction wire planes in a
single-phase LArTPC is qualitatively demonstrated on MicroBooNE data with event
display images, and quantitatively demonstrated via waveform-level and
track-level metrics. Improved performance of induction plane calorimetry is
demonstrated through the agreement of extracted ionization charge measurements
across different wire planes for various event topologies. In addition to the
comprehensive waveform-level comparison of data and simulation, a calibration
of the cryogenic electronics response is presented and solutions to various
MicroBooNE-specific TPC issues are discussed. This work presents an important
improvement in LArTPC signal processing, the foundation of reconstruction and
therefore physics analyses in MicroBooNE.Comment: 54 pages, 36 figures; the first part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1802.0870
A Deep Neural Network for Pixel-Level Electromagnetic Particle Identification in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber
We have developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can make a
pixel-level prediction of objects in image data recorded by a liquid argon time
projection chamber (LArTPC) for the first time. We describe the network design,
training techniques, and software tools developed to train this network. The
goal of this work is to develop a complete deep neural network based data
reconstruction chain for the MicroBooNE detector. We show the first
demonstration of a network's validity on real LArTPC data using MicroBooNE
collection plane images. The demonstration is performed for stopping muon and a
charged current neutral pion data samples
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs I. Algorithm Description and Quantitative Evaluation with MicroBooNE Simulation
We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed
in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection
chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the
number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A
robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and
collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is
particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of
building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the
signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge
with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into
account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and
across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of
the charge extraction procedure are also discussed.Comment: 60 pages, 36 figures. The second part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1804.0258
Measurement of triple-differential inclusive muon-neutrino charged-current cross section on argon with the MicroBooNE detector
We report the first measurement of the differential cross section
for inclusive
muon-neutrino charged-current scattering on argon. This measurement utilizes
data from 6.4 protons on target of exposure collected using the
MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located along the Fermilab
Booster Neutrino Beam with a mean neutrino energy of approximately 0.8~GeV. The
mapping from reconstructed kinematics to truth quantities, particularly from
reconstructed to true neutrino energy, is validated by comparing the
distribution of reconstructed hadronic energy in data to that of the model
prediction in different muon scattering angle bins after conditional constraint
from the muon momentum distribution in data. The success of this validation
gives confidence that the missing energy in the MicroBooNE detector is
well-modeled in simulation, enabling the unfolding to a triple-differential
measurement over muon momentum, muon scattering angle, and neutrino energy. The
unfolded measurement covers an extensive phase space, providing a wealth of
information useful for future liquid argon time projection chamber experiments
measuring neutrino oscillations. Comparisons against a number of commonly used
model predictions are included and their performance in different parts of the
available phase-space is discussed
First demonstration of timing resolution in the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber
MicroBooNE is a neutrino experiment located in the Booster Neutrino Beamline
(BNB) at Fermilab, which collected data from 2015 to 2021. MicroBooNE's liquid
argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is accompanied by a photon detection
system consisting of 32 photomultiplier tubes used to measure the argon
scintillation light and determine the timing of neutrino interactions. Analysis
techniques combining light signals and reconstructed tracks are applied to
achieve a neutrino interaction time resolution of .
The result obtained allows MicroBooNE to access the ns neutrino pulse structure
of the BNB for the first time. The timing resolution achieved will enable
significant enhancement of cosmic background rejection for all neutrino
analyses. Furthermore, the ns timing resolution opens new avenues to search for
long-lived-particles such as heavy neutral leptons in MicroBooNE, as well as in
future large LArTPC experiments, namely the SBN program and DUNE
Low-Energy Physics in Neutrino LArTPCs
In this white paper, we outline some of the scientific opportunities and challenges related to detection and reconstruction of low-energy (less than 100 MeV) signatures in liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) detectors. Key takeaways are summarized as follows. 1) LArTPCs have unique sensitivity to a range of physics and astrophysics signatures via detection of event features at and below the few tens of MeV range. 2) Low-energy signatures are an integral part of GeV-scale accelerator neutrino interaction final states, and their reconstruction can enhance the oscillation physics sensitivities of LArTPC experiments. 3) BSM signals from accelerator and natural sources also generate diverse signatures in the low-energy range, and reconstruction of these signatures can increase the breadth of BSM scenarios accessible in LArTPC-based searches. 4) Neutrino interaction cross sections and other nuclear physics processes in argon relevant to sub-hundred-MeV LArTPC signatures are poorly understood. Improved theory and experimental measurements are needed. Pion decay-at-rest sources and charged particle and neutron test beams are ideal facilities for experimentally improving this understanding. 5) There are specific calibration needs in the low-energy range, as well as specific needs for control and understanding of radiological and cosmogenic backgrounds. 6) Novel ideas for future LArTPC technology that enhance low-energy capabilities should be explored. These include novel charge enhancement and readout systems, enhanced photon detection, low radioactivity argon, and xenon doping. 7) Low-energy signatures, whether steady-state or part of a supernova burst or larger GeV-scale event topology, have specific triggering, DAQ and reconstruction requirements that must be addressed outside the scope of conventional GeV-scale data collection and analysis pathways
First measurement of quasi-elastic baryon production in muon anti-neutrino interactions in the MicroBooNE detector
We present the first measurement of the cross section of Cabibbo-suppressed
baryon production, using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector
when exposed to the neutrinos from the Main Injector beam at the Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory. The data analyzed correspond to
protons on target of neutrino mode running and protons on
target of anti-neutrino mode running. An automated selection is combined with
hand scanning, with the former identifying five candidate production
events when the signal was unblinded, consistent with the GENIE prediction of
events. Several scanners were employed, selecting between three
and five events, compared with a prediction from a blinded Monte Carlo
simulation study of events. Restricting the phase space to only
include baryons that decay above MicroBooNE's detection thresholds,
we obtain a flux averaged cross section of
cmAr, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined
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Ionization electron signal processing in single phase LArTPCs. Part I. Algorithm Description and quantitative evaluation with MicroBooNE simulation
© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab. We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of the charge extraction procedure are also discussed
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