490 research outputs found
Large-Theta(13) Perturbation Theory of Neutrino Oscillation for Long-Baseline Experiments
The Cervera et al. formula, the best known approximate formula of neutrino
oscillation probability for long-baseline experiments, can be regarded as a
second-order perturbative formula with small expansion parameter epsilon \equiv
Delta m^2_{21} / Delta m^2_{31} \simeq 0.03 under the assumption s_{13} \simeq
epsilon. If theta_{13} is large, as suggested by a candidate nu_{e} event at
T2K as well as the recent global analyses, higher order corrections of s_{13}
to the formula would be needed for better accuracy. We compute the corrections
systematically by formulating a perturbative framework by taking theta_{13} as
s_{13} \sim \sqrt{epsilon} \simeq 0.18, which guarantees its validity in a wide
range of theta_{13} below the Chooz limit. We show on general ground that the
correction terms must be of order epsilon^2. Yet, they nicely fill the mismatch
between the approximate and the exact formulas at low energies and relatively
long baselines. General theorems are derived which serve for better
understanding of delta-dependence of the oscillation probability. Some
interesting implications of the large theta_{13} hypothesis are discussed.Comment: Fig.2 added, 23 pages. Matches to the published versio
Parameter Degeneracies in Neutrino Oscillation Measurement of Leptonic CP and T Violation
The measurement of the mixing angle \theta_{13}, sign of \Delta m^2_{13} and
the CP or T violating phase \delta is fraught with ambiguities in neutrino
oscillation. In this paper we give an analytic treatment of the paramater
degeneracies associated with measuring the \nu_\mu -> \nu_e probability and its
CP and/or T conjugates. For CP violation, we give explicit solutions to allow
us to obtain the regions where there exist two-fold and four-fold degeneracies.
We calculate the fractional differences, \Delta \theta / \bar{\theta}, between
the allowed solutions which may be used to compare with the expected
sensitivities of the experiments. For T violation we show that there is always
a complete degeneracy between solutions with positive and negative \Delta
m^2_{13} which arises due to a symmetry and cannot be removed by observing one
neutrino oscillation probability and its T conjugate. Thus, there is always a
four fold parameter degeneracy apart from exceptional points. Explicit
solutions are also given and the fractional differences are computed. The
bi-probability CP/T trajectory diagrams are extensively used to illuminate the
nature of the degeneracies.Comment: 35 pages, Latex, 11 postscript figures, minor correction
The Complementarity of Eastern and Western Hemisphere Long-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
We present a general formalism for extracting information on the fundamental
parameters associated with neutrino masses and mixings from two or more long
baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. This formalism is then applied to
the current most likely experiments using neutrino beams from the Japan Hadron
Facility (JHF) and Fermilab's NuMI beamline. Different combinations of muon
neutrino or muon anti-neutrino running are considered. To extract the type of
neutrino mass hierarchy we make use of the matter effect. Contrary to naive
expectation, we find that both beams using neutrinos is more suitable for
determining the hierarchy provided that the neutrino energy divided by baseline
() for NuMI is smaller than or equal to that of JHF. Whereas to determine
the small mixing angle, , and the CP or T violating phase
, one neutrino and the other anti-neutrino is most suitable. We make
extensive use of bi-probability diagrams for both understanding and extracting
the physics involved in such comparisons.Comment: 21 pages, Latex, 3 postscript figure
Mechanism of hopping transport in disordered Mott insulators
By using a combination of detailed experimental studies and simple
theoretical arguments, we identify a novel mechanism characterizing the hopping
transport in the Mott insulating phase of CaSrRuO near the
metal-insulator transition. The hopping exponent shows a systematic
evolution from a value of deeper in the insulator to the
conventional Mott value closer to the transition. This behavior,
which we argue to be a universal feature of disordered Mott systems close to
the metal-insulator transition, is shown to reflect the gradual emergence of
disorder-induced localized electronic states populating the Mott-Hubbard gap.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Physical Review Letter
Unity of CP and T Violation in Neutrino Oscillations
In a previous work a simultaneous P- CP[P] and P- T[P] bi-probability plot
was proposed as a useful tool for unified graphical description of CP and T
violation in neutrino oscillation. The ``baseball diamond'' structure of the
plot is understood as a consequence of the approximate CP-CP and the T-CP
relations obeyed by the oscillation probabilities. In this paper, we make a
step forward toward deeper understanding of the unified graphical
representation by showing that these two relations are identical in its
content, suggesting a truly unifying view of CP and T violation in neutrino
oscillations. We suspect that the unity reflects the underlying CPT theorem. We
also present calculation of corrections to the CP-CP and the T-CP relations to
leading order in Delta m^2_{21} / Delta m^2_{31} and s^2_{13}.Comment: 20 references added, version to appear in "Focus Issue on Neutrino
Physics" of New Journal of Physic
Determining Neutrino Mass Hierarchy by Precision Measurements in Electron and Muon Neutrino Disappearance Experiments
Recently a new method for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy by
comparing the effective values of the atmospheric \Delta m^2 measured in the
electron neutrino disappearance channel, \Delta m^2(ee), with the one measured
in the muon neutrino disappearance channel, \Delta m^2(\mu \mu), was proposed.
If \Delta m^2(ee) is larger (smaller) than \Delta m^2(\mu \mu) the hierarchy is
of the normal (inverted) type. We re-examine this proposition in the light of
two very high precision measurements: \Delta m^2(\mu \mu) that may be
accomplished by the phase II of the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment, for
example, and \Delta m^2(ee) that can be envisaged using the novel Mossbauer
enhanced resonant \bar\nu_e absorption technique. Under optimistic assumptions
for the systematic uncertainties of both measurements, we estimate the
parameter region of (\theta_13, \delta) in which the mass hierarchy can be
determined. If \theta_13 is relatively large, sin^2 2\theta_13 \gsim 0.05, and
both of \Delta m^2(ee) and \Delta m^2(\mu \mu) can be measured with the
precision of \sim 0.5 % it is possible to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy
at > 95% CL for 0.3 \pi \lsim \delta \lsim 1.7 \pi for the current best fit
values of all the other oscillation parameters.Comment: 12 pages, 6 postscript figure
Novel U-Shaped D-A-D π-conjugated Systems with Mechanochromic Properties: An Experimental and Theoretical Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation
Π-conjugated compounds have been widely studied in the last few decades due to their huge field of application in organic electronics. Specifically, stimuli-responsive Π-conjugated materials which are sensitive to external stimulus (i.e., temperature, pressure, etc) have several uses like sensors, probes and security inks, for example.1 In this work, we study two U-shape Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) systems that are found to exhibit interesting thermal- and pressure-dependent properties. 2 They consist on two different conformers of phenothiazine-dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-phenothiazine which differs from the position of the phenothiazine respect to the dibenzophenzaine central core. Compound 1R is the equatorial-equatorial conformer and 1Y is the axial-axial conformer (Figure 1). The dibenzophenzaine group acts as an electron-acceptor whereas the phenothiazine unit acts as an electron-donor. It has been reported that this U-shape D-A-D compound shows a multi-active color changing in 3 steps and their luminescence changes with temperature, pressure and acid exposition.2 In this work, we aim to elucidate how the external stimuli (i.e. temperature, pressure, acid ambient) affects the molecular structure at both intra- and intermolecular level. To this end, we use UV-Vis absorption, Raman (Figure 1) and Infrared spectroscopy experiments in combination with DFT calculations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Exact Formulas and Simple CP dependence of Neutrino Oscillation Probabilities in Matter with Constant Density
We investigate neutrino oscillations in constant matter within the context of
the standard three neutrino scenario. We derive an exact and simple formula for
the oscillation probability applicable to all channels. In the standard
parametrization, the probability for transition can
be written in the form without any
approximation using CP phase . For
transition, the linear term of is added and the probability can
be written in the form . We give the CP dependences of
the probability for other channels. We show that the probability for each
channel in matter has the same form with respect to as in vacuum. It
means that matter effects just modify the coefficients , , and .
We also give the exact expression of the coefficients for each channel.
Furthermore, we show that our results with respect to CP dependences are
reproduced from the effective mixing angles and the effective CP phase
calculated by Zaglauer and Schwarzer. Through the calculation, a new identity
is obtained by dividing the Naumov-Harrison-Scott identity by the Toshev
identity.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX4 style, changed title, minor correction
Experimental Signatures of Anomaly Induced DCC Formation
We discuss characteristic experimental signatures related to the formation of
domains of disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) triggered by the axial anomaly
in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We predict that the enhancement of the
fraction of neutral pions compared to all pions depends on the angle of
emission with respect to the scattering plane and is concentrated at small
transverse momentum and small rapidity in the center-of-mass frame. The
anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane is also observable in the
inclusive photon distribution.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, REVTEX, discussion on photon distribution added,
one figure adde
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Industrial System Dynamics for Environmental Sustainability: A case study on the UK Medical Technology sector
This paper investigates environmental sustainability dynamics of an industrial system through a case study on the UK medical technology sector. This paper builds on an industrial system framework involving institutions, specialist firms, value/supply chains and industrial actors. Environmental sustainability dynamics are explored through infrastructure and structure factors of industrial systems that are primarily developed from theoretical domains of manufacturing systems, production networks and supply chains. Research findings suggest that structural components influence the industry system more radically than the infrastructural components. Environmental sustainability dynamics depend on the size of industrial actors, types/characteristics of product and process, and availability of specialist (funding/technology) firms.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Counci
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