Role of endoscopic functional luminal imaging probe in predicting the outcome of gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (with video)

© 2020 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Background and Aims: Endoluminal functional luminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP) is an imaging tool that measures the physiologic characteristics of GI sphincters. In this study, we used EndoFLIP to evaluate the association between the pyloric physiologic measurements and the clinical outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) in patients with refractory gastroparesis. Methods: Thirty-seven patients from 5 centers who underwent G-POEM for management of refractory gastroparesis and had EndoFLIP measurements were evaluated. Cross-sectional area (CSA), balloon pressure, and the distensibility index (DI) of the pylorus were evaluated by EndoFLIP at 40 mL and 50 mL balloon fills before and after G-POEM. One-year clinical success and change in gastric emptying study 3 months after the G-POEM procedure were compared with the EndoFLIP measurements. Results: Clinical success was achieved in 26 (70%) patients. Post–G-POEM CSA and DI were significantly higher in the clinical success group with both 40-mL volume distension (CSA: 89.9 ± 64.8 vs 172.5 ± 71.9 mm2, P =.003; DI: 5.8 ± 4.4 vs 8.8 ± 6.1 mm2/mm Hg, P =.043) and 50-mL volume distention (CSA: 140.1 ± 89.9 vs 237.5 ± 80.3 mm2, P =.003; DI: 5.6 ± 3.3 vs 9.9 ± 6.6 mm2/mm Hg, P =.049). CSA using 40-mL volume distention with an area under the curve of 0.83 yielded a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 71% at a cutoff point of 154 mm2. Conclusions: Post–G-POEM CSA of the pylorus is associated with clinical success and improvement in a gastric emptying scan after G-POEM. EndoFLIP measurements of the pylorus have the potential to be used as a tool to predict the clinical outcome of G-POEM

Management of patients after failed peroral endoscopic myotomy: A multicenter study

Background Although peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is highly effective for the management of achalasia, clinical failures may occur. The optimal management of patients who fail POEM is not well known. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of different management strategies in patients who had failed POEM. Methods This was an international multicenter retrospective study at 16 tertiary centers between January 2012 and November 2019.All patients who underwent POEM and experienced persistent or recurrent symptoms (Eckardt score>3) were included. The primary outcome was to compare the rates of clinical success (Eckardt score ≤3) between different management strategies. Results 99 patients (50 men [50.5%]; mean age 51.4 [standard deviation (SD) 16.2]) experienced clinical failure during the study period, with a mean (SD) Eckardt score of 5.4 (0.3). A total of 29 patients (32.2%) were managed conservatively and 70 (71%) underwent retreatment (repeat POEM 33 [33%], pneumatic dilation 30 [30%], and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) 7 [7.1%]). During a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range 3-20) months, clinical success was highest in patients who underwent repeat POEM (25/33 [76%]; mean [SD] Eckardt score 2.1 [2.1]), followed by pneumatic dilation (18/30 [60%]; Eckardt score 2.8 [2.3]), and LHM (2/7 [29%]; Eckardt score 4 [1.8]; P =0.12). A total of 11 patients in the conservative group (37.9%; mean Eckardt score 4 [1.8]) achieved clinical success. Conclusion This study comprehensively assessed an international cohort of patients who underwent management of failed POEM. Repeat POEM and pneumatic dilation achieved acceptable clinical success, with excellent safety profiles

Endoscopic full-thickness resection of polyps involving the appendiceal orifice: a multicenter international experience

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection of lesions involving the appendiceal orifice remains a challenge. We aimed to report outcomes with the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) for the resection of appendiceal lesions and identify factors associated with the occurrence of appendicitis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study at 18 tertiary-care centers (USA 12, Canada 1, Europe 5) between November 2016 and August 2020. Consecutive patients who underwent resection of an appendiceal orifice lesion using the FTRD were included. The primary outcome was the rate of R0 resection in neoplastic lesions, defined as negative lateral and deep margins on post-resection histologic evaluation. Secondary outcomes included the rates of: technical success (en bloc resection), clinical success (technical success without need for further surgical intervention), post-resection appendicitis, and polyp recurrence. RESULTS: 66 patients (32 women; mean age 64) underwent resection of colonic lesions involving the appendiceal orifice (mean [standard deviation] size, 14.5 (6.2) mm), with 40 (61 %) being deep, extending into the appendiceal lumen. Technical success was achieved in 59/66 patients (89 %), of which, 56 were found to be neoplastic lesions on post-resection pathology. Clinical success was achieved in 53/66 (80 %). R0 resection was achieved in 52/56 (93 %). Of the 58 patients in whom EFTR was completed who had no prior history of appendectomy, appendicitis was reported in 10 (17 %), with six (60 %) requiring surgical appendectomy. Follow-up colonoscopy was completed in 41 patients, with evidence of recurrence in five (12 %). CONCLUSIONS: The FTRD is a promising non-surgical alternative for resecting appendiceal lesions, but appendicitis occurs in 1/6 cases

960 Maximizing success in single-session edge - predictive factors of stent migration

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy poses a challenge in performing ERCP due to the inability to access the excluded stomach and duodenum. EUS-directed gastro-gastric ERCP (EDGE) uses a lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) to access the excluded stomach and is most often performed in two-stages with initial placement of the LAMS followed by ERCP weeks later. The need for urgent ERCP in this patient population has led to the advent of single-session EDGE with LAMS and ERCP on the same day. The most serious and common complication of this procedure is intra-procedural migration of the LAMS. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of LAMS complications during single-session EDGE in a large multicenter cohort. Methods: A multi-centered, retrospective chart review was conducted at nine tertiary medical centers. Single-session EDGE procedures were identified and data including age, gender, LAMS diameter, dilation, route of LAMS placement (gastric or jejunal), stent fixation and procedure complications were collected. The primary outcome was intra-procedural LAMS migration. Groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis to predict independent factors associated with stent migration. Results: 131 patients were included in the study who underwent single-session EDGE. Median age=58 y, 74.8% were female. LAMS migration occurred in 12 patients (9.1%). In univariate analysis, statistically fewer LAMS migrations occurred in patients with a 20mm diameter LAMS (2/84) vs 15mm (7/42), p=0.006, those with suture fixation, p=0.032, and those who underwent LAMS dilation, p=0.026. Location of LAMS placement did not affect the rate of stent migration (2/40 jejunal vs 10/91 gastric, p=0.343) although a trend towards more migration in the trans-gastric route was observed. The use of electrocautery-enhanced stents did not influence the rate of migration. Double pigtail stents for anchoring did not reduce the rate of migration. Binary logistic regression analysis of stent diameter, dilation, suture fixation, access route and electrocautery identified that 15mm stents were significantly more likely to migrate than 20mm (OR=7.9; 95% CI:1.3-47; p=0.024). Of the patients that experienced LAMS migration, 3 required surgery, 2 were rescued with esophageal stent bridging and 2 with a second LAMS. Bleeding occurred in 2 patients and was managed endoscopically at the time of the procedure. No deaths occurred in the cohort. Conclusions: Same day EDGE procedures can be performed safely with an acceptable complication rate. Larger diameter 20mm stents are the strongest predictor of a non-migrated LAMS, whereas stent fixation and dilation after deployment may also improve procedural success. Expanding on this cohort will offer further insights into the optimal technique for single-session EDGE

A large multicenter cohort on the use of full-thickness resection device for difficult colonic lesions.

BACKGROUND: Introduction of the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) has allowed endoscopic resection of difficult lesions such as those with deep wall origin/infiltration or those located in difficult anatomic locations. The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of the FTRD among its early users in the USA. METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) for lower gastrointestinal tract lesions using the FTRD at 26 US tertiary care centers between 10/2017 and 12/2018 were included. Primary outcome was R0 resection rate. Secondary outcomes included rate of technical success (en bloc resection), achievement of histologic full-thickness resection (FTR), and adverse events (AE). RESULTS: A total of 95 patients (mean age 65.5 ± 12.6 year, 38.9% F) were included. The most common indication, for use of FTRD, was resection of difficult adenomas (non-lifting, recurrent, residual, or involving appendiceal orifice/diverticular opening) (66.3%), followed by adenocarcinomas (22.1%), and subepithelial tumors (SET) (11.6%). Lesions were located in the proximal colon (61.1%), distal colon (18.9%), or rectum (20%). Mean lesion diameter was 15.5 ± 6.4 mm and 61.1% had a prior resection attempt. The mean total procedure time was 59.7 ± 31.8 min. R0 resection was achieved in 82.7% while technical success was achieved in 84.2%. Histologically FTR was demonstrated in 88.1% of patients. There were five clinical AE (5.3%) with 2 (2.1%) requiring surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this first US multicenter study suggest that EFTR with the FTRD is a technically feasible, safe, and effective technique for resecting difficult colonic lesions