Crystals growth and laser properties of Nd:CNGS and Yb:CNGS

El mètode Czochralski es va utilitzar per a l'augment de cristalls Nd: CNGS i Yb: CNGS, es van analitzar els fonaments del creixement i els problemes trobats durant el creixement del cristall. S'ha estudiat l'estructura i propietats tèrmiques dels cristalls Nd: CNGS i Yb: CNGS. Es va mesurar l'índex de refracció, l'espectroscòpia òptica dels cristalls Nd: CNGS i Yb: CNGS. Es van demostrar les propietats de duplicació de làser i auto-freqüència de Nd: CNGS i Yb: CNGS.El método de Czochralski se usó para cultivar Nd: cristales de CNGS e Yb: CNGS, se analizaron los fundamentos del crecimiento y los problemas encontrados durante el crecimiento del cristal. Estructura y propiedades térmicas de los cristales Nd: CNGS e Yb: CNGS fueron estudiados. Se midieron el índice de refracción, la espectroscopía óptica de los cristales Nd: CNGS e Yb: CNGS. Se demostraron las propiedades de duplicación láser y de frecuencia propia de los cristales Nd: CNGS e Yb: CNGS.Czochralski method was used to growing Nd:CNGS and Yb:CNGS crystals,the growth fundamentals and problems encountered during the crystal growth were analyzed. Structure and thermal properties of the Nd:CNGS and Yb:CNGS crystals were studied. The refractive index, optical spectroscopy of the Nd:CNGS and Yb:CNGS crystals were measured. The laser and self-frequency doubling properties of Nd:CNGS and Yb:CNGS crystal were demonstrated

Inhibition of HDAC activity directly reprograms murine embryonic stem cells to trophoblast stem cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into all cell types of the embryonic germ layers. ESCs can also generate totipotent 2C-like cells and trophectodermal cells. However, these latter transitions occur at low frequency due to epigenetic barriers, the nature of which is not fully understood. Here, we show that treating mouse ESCs with sodium butyrate (NaB) increases the population of 2C-like cells and enables direct reprogramming of ESCs into trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) without a transition through a 2C-like state. Mechanistically, NaB inhibits histone deacetylase activities in the LSD1-HDAC1/2 corepressor complex. This increases acetylation levels in the regulatory regions of both 2C- and TSC-specific genes, promoting their expression. In addition, NaB-treated cells acquire the capacity to generate blastocyst-like structures that can develop beyond the implantation stage in vitro and form deciduae in vivo. These results identify how epigenetics restrict the totipotent and trophectoderm fate in mouse ESCs.</p

Impact of Landscape Pattern on River Water Quality Based on Different Topographic Relief Areas: A Case Study of Chishui River Basin in Southwest China

The water quality of the basin is affected by many factors. The unique geological conditions in karst areas create highly heterogeneous geographical characteristics, which makes the relationship between water quality and landscape more complex and uncertain. In order to further study how these factors affect water quality in typical karst basin, this study takes Chishui River Basin in Southwest China as the research object, and Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation analysis and geographic detector methods were used to quantitatively explore the difference between STR and LTR water quality factors and the impact of landscape on water quality under the driven of temperature, precipitation, population density and per capita GDP. The novelty of this study is that according to the topographic and geomorphic features of Chishui River Basin, sub-basins with different topographic relief are divided to study the difference of the influence of surface landscape on river water quality driven by topography, meteorology and human activities. The results show that: (1) The water quality in the area with large topographic relief (LTR) is better than that in the area with small topographic relief (STR); (2) In STR, human activities are more obvious, and dry land and construction land have a significant impact on water quality; In LTR, forest land is the main factor; (3) In STR, the interaction between population density and landscape indicators is obvious, while in LTR, the interaction between precipitation and landscape indicators is significant; (4) In STR, the focus is to coordinate the relationship between natural landscape types and man-made landscape types; In LTR, it is more necessary to harness steep slope farmland. Understanding the influencing factors of water quality in different topographic relief areas can determine more targeted protection measures in different topographic relief areas to achieve the purpose of protecting water quality

Device-Free Wireless Localization Using Artificial Neural Networks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Currently, localization has been one of the research hot spots in Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs). However, most localization methods focus on the device-based localization, which locates targets with terminal devices. This is not suitable for the application scenarios like the elder monitoring, life detection, and so on. In this paper, we propose a device-free wireless localization system using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The system consists of two phases. In the off-line training phase, Received Signal Strength (RSS) difference matrices between the RSS matrices collected when the monitoring area is vacant and with a professional in the area are calculated. Some RSS difference values in the RSS difference matrices are selected. The RSS difference values and corresponding matrix indices are taken as the inputs of an ANN model and the known location coordinates are its outputs. Then a nonlinear function between the inputs and outputs can be approximated through training the ANN model. In the on-line localization phase, when a target is in the monitoring area, the RSS difference values and their matrix indices can be obtained and input into the trained ANN model, and then the localization coordinates can be computed. We verify the proposed device-free localization system with a WSN platform. The experimental results show that our proposed device-free wireless localization system is able to achieve a comparable localization performance without any terminal device

Sclerosing pneumocytoma with metastasis to the mediastinal and regional lymph nodes

Sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is an uncommon benign tumor, and metastasis of SP has been rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman with surgically confirmed SP. The tumor diameter was 40 mm, and metastasis to mediastinal and regional lymph nodes was observed. Immunohistochemically, both surface and round cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor 1, and vimentin. Only surface cells expressed creatine kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen, napsin A, and cytokeratin 7, and only round cells expressed progesterone receptor. Ki-67 was detected in ~3% of cells, and the rate of weak positive p53 staining was 3%. Both cell types were negative for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD3, and CK20. Multiple metastases in a young SP patient are very rare, and potential mechanisms of metastasis may be related to epithelial–mesenchymal transformation

The effects of tumor‐derived exosomes on T‐cell function and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Tumor‐derived exosomes (TEXs) are a class of extracellular vesicles which play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. These vesicles have multiple biological functions including promotion of cancer progression and reduction of anti‐tumor immunity. Recently, interaction between TEXs and immune cells are of great interest in cell‐based immunotherapy. Here, we review the effects of TEXs on the survival and functions of T cell subsets, as well as their clinical applications. Unraveling the immunoregulatory function of exosomes allows a better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for cancer immunotherapy

Direct Purification of Digestate Using Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes: Influence of Materials on Filtration Behavior and Fouling Characteristics

In-depth exploration of filtration behavior and fouling characteristics of polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes can provide guidance for the selection of materials and the control of membrane fouling during the purification of digestate. In this study, four types of polymeric membranes, (polyethersulfone (PES), polysulfone (PS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)), were employed to filter digestate from swine manure. The results showed that the viscosity of the digestate dropped from 45.0 ± 11.3 mPa·s to 18.0 ± 9.8 mPa·s, with an increase in temperature from 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The four membrane fluxes all increased by more than 30%, with the cross flow velocity increasing from 1.0 m s−1 to 2.0 m s−1. During the batch experiments, the flux maintenance abilities of the membranes were in the order: PAN > PS > PVDF > PES. There were no significant differences in the effects of membrane materials on the removal of COD, TN, and TP (p 254 removal efficiency, PS showed the highest efficiency (68.6%), while PVDF showed the lowest efficiency (63.4%). The major fouling type was irreversible hydraulic fouling, and the main elements of scaling were C, O, S, and Ca. Pseudomonadales were the dominant bacteria in the PS (26.2%) and in the PVDF (51.4%) fouling layers, while Bacteroidales were the dominant bacteria in the PES (26.8%) and in the PAN (14.7%) fouling layers. The flux recovery rates (FRRs) of the cleaning methods can be arranged as follows: NaClO > NaOH > Citric acid ≈ Tap water. After NaClO cleaning, the PVDF membrance showed the highest FRR (73.1%), and the PAN membrane showed the lowest FRR (30.1%)