Correlations between ALFF values and cognitive performance of patients with SIVD.

<p>Left column: partial correlation analysis between MoCA scores and ALFF values. There were negative correlations between the MoCA scores and the average ALFF values of the left insula (<i>r</i> = −0.388, <i>p</i> = 0.046) and the left hippocampus (<i>r</i> = −0.564, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Middle column: regions showing differences in ALFF values between SIVD patients and control subjects (SIVD>HC, <i>p</i><0.01, AlphaSim corrected). Right column: partial correlation analysis between MMSE scores and ALFF values. There was negative correlation between the MMSE scores and the average ALFF values of the left insula (<i>r</i> = −0.542, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and the left hippocampus (<i>r</i> = −0.421, <i>p</i> = 0.029). The effects of age, gender, years of education, and GM volume were corrected as covariates. Each dot represents data from one participant.</p

Demographic and clinical data of SIVD patients and control subjects.

<p>Data were expressed as the range from min – max (mean ± SD). Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HIS, Hachinski Ischemic Score; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; ADL, Activities of Daily Living Scale.</p>a<p><i>P</i>-value was obtained using the two-tailed Chi-squared test.</p>b<p><i>P</i>-value was obtained using the two-sample, two-tailed <i>t</i>-test.</p

ALFF differences between SIVD and control groups without (A) and with (B) GM volume correction, respectively.

<p>SIVD patients showed reduced ALFF values in the bilateral precuneus and increased ALFF values in the bilateral ACC, left insula and hippocampus. Of note, the between-group differences in the ALFF values exhibited highly similar patterns between with and without correcting GM volume. Statistical thresholds were set at <i>P</i><0.01 for individual voxels and a cluster size >1080 mm³, which corresponds to a corrected <i>P</i><0.01 determined by Monte Carlo simulations. Color bars represent the <i>t</i> value of the group analysis. Cool color represents decreased ALFF values, and warm color represents increased ALFF values. The <i>t</i> statistical maps were created using the BrainNet Viewer (<a href="http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/" target="_blank">http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/</a>).</p

Correlation between cortical thickness (CT) of the calcarine cortex and cumulative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in POAG patients.

<p>Correlation between cortical thickness (CT) of the calcarine cortex and cumulative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in POAG patients.</p

Mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) maps from the control group (A) and the subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) group (B).

<p>Visual inspection indicated high ALFF values in several regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the adjacent precuneus. The left side of the image denotes the left side of the brain. Color bars represent the <i>t</i> value of the group analysis. The t statistical maps were created using the BrainNet Viewer (<a href="http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/" target="_blank">http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/</a>).</p

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) thickness differences in bilateral eyes between mild and severe groups.

<p>Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) thickness differences in bilateral eyes between mild and severe groups.</p

Cortical thinning in POAG patients compare to normal controls.

<p>Differences in cortical thickness are superimposed on a hemisphere-unbiased iterative surface template. Color represents the regions of cortical atrophy in patients with POAG.</p

Correlations between cortical thickness of the visual areas and ophthalmic examination indexes.

<p>The labels of the V1 (B), V2 (E), V3v (H), V4 (K) and V5/MT+ (N) visual areas are only displayed on the left inflated surface. However, it should be noted that the average cortical thickness was computed for the homogeneous areas in bilateral hemispheres. RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; MD, mean deviation of the visual field.</p

Baseline characteristics of the subjects.

<p>The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. MD, mean deviation; NC, normal controls; MP, mild patients; SP, severe patients.</p><p>^{a, b} The <i>p</i> values for ANOVA and chi-square tests in the 3 groups, respectively.</p><p>^c The <i>p</i> values for the t tests between the MP and SP group.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of the subjects.</p

FA skeleton regions where alerting ratio scores showed a significant positive correlation with FA maps (p<0.05, corrected).

<p>The region in red circle was identified as the left cerebellar Crus I and cingulum provided by FSL. The coordinates are in MNI standard space. R, right hemisphere.</p