Diabetic Inhibition of Preconditioning- and Postconditioning-Mediated Myocardial Protection against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or postconditioning (Ipost) is proved to efficiently prevent ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Mortality of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction was found to be 2–6 folds higher than that of non-diabetic patients with same myocardial infarction, which may be in part due to diabetic inhibition of IPC- and Ipost-mediated protective mechanisms. Both IPC- and Ipost-mediated myocardial protection is predominantly mediated by stimulating PI3K/Akt and associated GSK-3β pathway while diabetes-mediated pathogenic effects are found to be mediated by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and associated GSK-3β pathway. Therefore, this review briefly introduced the general features of IPC- and Ipost-mediated myocardial protection and the general pathogenic effects of diabetes on the myocardium. We have collected experimental evidence that indicates the diabetic inhibition of IPC- and Ipost-mediated myocardial protection. Increasing evidence implies that diabetic inhibition of IPC- and Ipost-mediated myocardial protection may be mediated by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and associated GSK-3β pathway. Therefore any strategy to activate PI3K/Akt and associated GSK-3β pathway to release the diabetic inhibition of both IPC and Ipost-mediated myocardial protection may provide the protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injuries

Research on Real Working Condition Simulation and Performance Test of Wind Power Main Bearing Based on Test Bench

As a renewable energy source, wind energy has received more and more attention, and the wind power industry has also been advocated and developed by countries all over the world. In the production and use of wind turbines, the design and manufacturing technology of wind turbine bearings is very important. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the wind power main bearing after installation and realize the longest life of it, this paper designs a bearing test bench that can test the performance of the wind power main bearing. It can analyze the temperature, displacement, load, and moment of the key parts of the 5 MW wind power main shaft bearing. The solid modeling of the experimental platform was carried out using the 3D modeling software SolidWorks. Hydraulic loading system and test monitoring system are designed to realize the drive and control of the test bench. Through the established mathematical model, the central load of the hub is converted into the axial cylinder load and the radial cylinder load of the test bench to simulate the actual working conditions of the tested bearing. The test results show that the test bench meets various loading requirements and can reliably complete the task of testing wind power main bearings

^99mTc-HisoDGR as a Potential SPECT Probe for Orthotopic Glioma Detection via Targeting of Integrin α₅β₁

Integrins, a large family of cell adhesion receptors, have been shown to play an important role for glioma proliferation and invasion. Several integrin receptors, including α_vβ₃, α_vβ₅, and α₅β₁, have generated clinical interest for glioma diagnosis and antitumor therapy. Integrin α₅β₁ has been highlighted as a prognostic and diagnostic marker in glioma, and its expression is correlated with a worse prognosis in high-grade glioma. However, unlike extensively studied integrins α_vβ₃ and α_vβ₅, very few integrin α₅β₁-specific radiotracers have been reported. Developing α₅β₁-specific radiotracers may provide alternative diagnosis and evaluation options in addition to well-studied α_vβ₃/α_vβ₅-specific tracers, and they may add new documents for profiling tumor progression. Here, a novel integrin α₅β₁-specific probe ^99mTc-HisoDGR was fabricated for SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) imaging of glioma. To confirm its selective targeting of integrin α₅β₁ in vivo, the mouse models of α₅β₁-positive U87MG human glioma were subjected to SPECT/CT scans, and biodistribution experiments and blocking studies were performed. Small-animal SPECT/CT imaging experiments demonstrated that the tumors were clearly visualized in both subcutaneous and orthotopic glioma tumor models with clear background at 0.5, 1, and 2 h p.i. The tumor accumulation of ^99mTc-HisoDGR showed significant reduction when excess cold isoDGR peptide was coinjected, suggesting that the tumor uptake was specifically mediated. Our work revealed that ^99mTc-HisoDGR represented a powerful molecular probe for integrin α₅β₁-positive cancer imaging; moreover, it might be a promising tool for evaluating malignancy, predicting prognosis, selecting subpopulations of patients who might be sensitive to integrin α₅β₁-targeted drugs, and assessing and monitoring the response to integrin α₅β₁-targeted drugs in clinical trials

Manipulating Peierls Distortion in van der Waals NbOX₂ Maximizes Second-Harmonic Generation

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, featuring relaxed phase-matching conditions and highly tunable optical nonlinearity, endow them with potential applications in nanoscale nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. Despite significant progress, fundamental questions in 2D NLO materials remain, such as how structural distortion affects second-order NLO properties, which call for advanced regulation and in situ diagnostic tools. Here, by applying pressure to continuously tune the displacement of Nb atoms in 2D vdW NbOI2, we effectively modulate the polarization and achieve a 3-fold boost of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) at 2.5 GPa. By introducing a Peierls distortion parameter, λ, we establish a quantitative relationship between λ and SHG intensity. Importantly, we further demonstrate that the SHG enhancement can be achieved under ambient conditions by anionic substitution to tune the distortion in NbO(I1–xBrx)2 (x = 0–1) compounds, where the chemical tailoring simulates the pressure effects on the structural optimization. Consequently, NbO(I0.60Br0.40)2 with λ = 0.17 exhibits a giant SHG of over 2 orders of magnitude higher than that in monolayer WSe2, reaching the record-high value among reported 2D vdW NLO materials. This work unambiguously demonstrates the correlation between Peierls distortion and SHG property and, more broadly, opens new paths for the development of advanced NLO materials by manipulating the structure distortions