102 research outputs found
Building Transportation Foundation Model via Generative Graph Transformer
Efficient traffic management is crucial for maintaining urban mobility,
especially in densely populated areas where congestion, accidents, and delays
can lead to frustrating and expensive commutes. However, existing prediction
methods face challenges in terms of optimizing a single objective and
understanding the complex composition of the transportation system. Moreover,
they lack the ability to understand the macroscopic system and cannot
efficiently utilize big data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach,
Transportation Foundation Model (TFM), which integrates the principles of
traffic simulation into traffic prediction. TFM uses graph structures and
dynamic graph generation algorithms to capture the participatory behavior and
interaction of transportation system actors. This data-driven and model-free
simulation method addresses the challenges faced by traditional systems in
terms of structural complexity and model accuracy and provides a foundation for
solving complex transportation problems with real data. The proposed approach
shows promising results in accurately predicting traffic outcomes in an urban
transportation setting
IR Design for Application-Specific Natural Language: A Case Study on Traffic Data
In the realm of software applications in the transportation industry,
Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) have enjoyed widespread adoption due to their
ease of use and various other benefits. With the ceaseless progress in computer
performance and the rapid development of large-scale models, the possibility of
programming using natural language in specified applications - referred to as
Application-Specific Natural Language (ASNL) - has emerged. ASNL exhibits
greater flexibility and freedom, which, in turn, leads to an increase in
computational complexity for parsing and a decrease in processing performance.
To tackle this issue, our paper advances a design for an intermediate
representation (IR) that caters to ASNL and can uniformly process
transportation data into graph data format, improving data processing
performance. Experimental comparisons reveal that in standard data query
operations, our proposed IR design can achieve a speed improvement of over
forty times compared to direct usage of standard XML format data
Development of energy plants from hybrids between Miscanthus sacchariflorus and M. lutarioriparius grown on reclaimed mine land in the Loess Plateau of China
Miscanthus, a promising bioenergy plant, has a high biomass yield with high cellulose content suitable for biofuel production. However, harsh climatic and poor soil conditions, such as barren lands or abandoned mines, pose a challenge to the survival and yield of Miscanthus feedstock on the marginal land. The selection from the interspecific hybrids of Miscanthus might combine high survival rates and high yield, which benefits energy crop development in multi-stressful environments. A total of 113 F1 hybrids between Miscanthus sacchariflorus and M. lutarioriparius together with the parents were planted and evaluated for multiple morphological and physiological traits on the mine land of the Loess Plateau of China. The majority of hybrids had higher establishment rates than M. sacchariflorus while M. lutarioriparius failed to survive for the first winter. Nearly all hybrid genotypes outperformed M. lutarioriparius for yield-related traits including plant height, tiller number, tiller diameter, and leaf area. The average biomass of the hybrids was 20 times higher than that of surviving parent, M. sacchariflorus. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency of the hybrids were both significantly higher than those of the parents, which might be partly responsible for their higher yield. A total of 29 hybrids with outstanding traits related to yield and stress tolerance were identified as candidates. The study investigated for the first time the hybrids between local individuals of M. sacchariflorus and high-biomass M. lutarioriparius, suggesting that this could be an effective approach for high-yield energy crop development on vast of marginal lands
Functional MRI-specific alterations in frontoparietal network in mild cognitive impairment: an ALE meta-analysis
BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) depicts a transitory phase between healthy elderly and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with worsening cognitive impairment. Some functional MRI (fMRI) research indicated that the frontoparietal network (FPN) could be an essential part of the pathophysiological mechanism of MCI. However, damaged FPN regions were not consistently reported, especially their interactions with other brain networks. We assessed the fMRI-specific anomalies of the FPN in MCI by analyzing brain regions with functional alterations.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to screen neuroimaging studies exploring brain function alterations in the FPN in MCI using fMRI-related indexes, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and functional connectivity. We integrated distinctive coordinates by activating likelihood estimation, visualizing abnormal functional regions, and concluding functional alterations of the FPN.ResultsWe selected 29 studies and found specific changes in some brain regions of the FPN. These included the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, precuneus cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Any abnormal alterations in these regions depicted interactions between the FPN and other networks.ConclusionThe study demonstrates specific fMRI neuroimaging alterations in brain regions of the FPN in MCI patients. This could provide a new perspective on identifying early-stage patients with targeted treatment programs.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023432042, identifier: CRD42023432042
Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >175 loci associated with fasting cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). With differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and allele frequencies between ancestry groups, studies in additional large samples may detect new associations. We conducted staged GWAS meta-analyses in up to 69,414 East Asian individuals from 24 studies with participants from Japan, the Philippines, Korea, China, Singapore, and Taiwan. These meta-analyses identified (P < 5 × 10-8) three novel loci associated with HDL-C near CD163-APOBEC1 (P = 7.4 × 10-9), NCOA2 (P = 1.6 × 10-8), and NID2-PTGDR (P = 4.2 × 10-8), and one novel locus associated with TG near WDR11-FGFR2 (P = 2.7 × 10-10). Conditional analyses identified a second signal near CD163-APOBEC1. We then combined results from the East Asian meta-analysis with association results from up to 187,365 European individuals from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium in a trans-ancestry meta-analysis. This analysis identified (log10Bayes Factor ≥6.1) eight additional novel lipid loci. Among the twelve total loci identified, the index variants at eight loci have demonstrated at least nominal significance with other metabolic traits in prior studies, and two loci exhibited coincident eQTLs (P < 1 × 10-5) in subcutaneous adipose tissue for BPTF and PDGFC. Taken together, these analyses identified multiple novel lipid loci, providing new potential therapeutic targets
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