Results of Logistic Regression Analysis Based on HAP (n = 8657).

<p>^a = statistical significance.</p><p>Results of Logistic Regression Analysis Based on HAP (n = 8657).</p

Atrial Fibrillation Is an Independent Risk Factor for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Patients who were hospitalized for community-based pneumonia frequently had pre-existing atrial fibrillation (AF) and had subsequent cardiovascular complications. Whether patients who had AF would be susceptible to the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a serious concern but this has not been investigated. In our clinics, we have made empirical observation of such susceptibility.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>To investigate the association between newly developed HAP and pre-existing AF, and to identify whether AF is an independent risk factor for HAP.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Hospital data from 8657 sequentially admitted inpatients [1059 patients with AF and 7598 without AF (NAF)] were collected from the Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011. Exclusion criteria were: having previous or current pneumonia, pacemakers, sick sinus syndrome and repeated hospitalization. The incidence of HAP (within 48 hours after hospitalization) was identified among all the patients.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among the AF patients, 274 had HAP (adjusted rate 25.64%) which was significantly higher than the 276 NAF patients who had HAP (adjusted rate 3.66%; <i>P</i><0.001). The increased risk was also associated with high blood pressure, heart failure and age, but not with gender, smoking, coronary heart disease, diabetes, congenital heart disease. In addition, our multiple regression analysis indicates that AF is an independent risk factor for HAP.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>We have identified, for the first time, that AF is an important risk factor for HAP. Although additional clinical confirmation is needed, our data provide valuable evidence for use in prevention of HAP which is the most common cause of death from nosocomial infection.</p></div

Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1975 to 2010.

<p>Sampling points in a circle were selected for analysis.</p

Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1975 to 2010 (1/10⁵).

<p>Note: underline data were abnormal values.</p

Model fitting accuracy test results of GM(1,1) model and DGM model.

<p>Model fitting accuracy test results of GM(1,1) model and DGM model.</p

Commonly used scales of accuracy for model testing.

<p>Commonly used scales of accuracy for model testing.</p

The simulative values and errors of GM(1,1) model and DGM model.

<p>Note: * Relative error  = </p>△<p>The simulative values of DGM model were close to the original values.</p

Additional file 1: of Double product reflects the association of heart rate with MACEs in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention

Raw data. (SAV 400 kb

Characteristics of the study population.

<p>HBP = high blood pressure; CHD = coronary heart disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; RHD = rheumatic heart disease; NRVD = non rheumatic valvular disease; MM = myocardiopathy/myocardiotis; HLD = hyperlipidemia; ED = electrolyte disturbance; cHD = congenital heart disease; HF = heart failure, which diagnosed according to NYHA (Criteria of New York Heart Association). The overlap among the underlying disease, a patient may be accompanied by a variety of illness</p

Additional file 1: of Double product reflects the association of heart rate with MACEs in acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention

Raw data. (SAV 400 kb