Preparation and Characterization of Extruded Yam Starch–Soy Protein Isolate Complexes and Their Effects on the Quality of Dough

Extrusion is a method of processing that changes the physicochemical and rheological properties of starch and protein under specific temperature and pressure conditions. In this study, twin-screw extrusion technology was employed to prepare yam starch–soy protein isolate complexes. The structure and properties of the complexes and their effects on the quality of dough were studied. The results showed changes in the X-ray diffraction, rheology, and in vitro digestibility of the complexes. The extruded starch–protein complex formed an A+V-type crystal structure with the addition of soy protein isolate. A small amount of soy protein isolate could improve the complex’s viscoelasticity. As the content of soy protein isolate increased, the content of slow-digesting starch and resistant starch in the complexes increased, and the digestibility decreased. The microstructure of the dough indicated that the network structure of the puffed yam starch–protein complex dough was more uniform than that of the same amount of puffed yam starch. The moisture distribution of the dough showed that with the addition of extruded flour, the closely bound water content of the dough increased, and the weakly bound water content decreased. The hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of the dough decreased. In conclusion, extruded starch–protein complexes can improve dough quality and provide technical support for the broad application of yam

Feasibility Study for Well pattern Encryption in Complex Fractured Block Reservoirs--Taking the Liu 90 South Fault Block in the Jidong Oilfield as an example

Jidong oilfield belongs to complex fault block reservoir, and the development has now entered into high water-cut stage. when using Well pattern encryption technology to stabilize production, it is necessary to study the feasibility of Well pattern encryption to ensure a better economic benefit. In this paper, we use theoretical analysis method, consider the influence of oil price on the calculation, improve the economic limit Well pattern density calculation formula, calculate the economic limit Well pattern density under different recovery rates, make recovery rate prediction for different Well pattern density scenarios by combining with Sherkachov's formula, and use the curve intersection method to determine the Well pattern density at the break-even point, so as to determine the economic feasibility of Well pattern encryption. The example calculations show that the use of well network encryption alone does not meet the development requirements of the Liu 90 South block and has no significant economic benefits, so a combination of two-three methods is needed to further improve the recovery rate. Numerical simulation prediction results show that the two-three combination method can improve the recovery rate by 14.54%, accumulate 28.88×104t of oil increase and increase revenue by 678,245,000 yuan

Performance evaluation of temperature-resistant nano-surfactants

Surfactant flooding is a common technique in tertiary oil recovery. However, due to the high temperature of some reservoirs and the strong heterogeneity caused by their own geological conditions, the use of common surfactants in high-temperature reservoirs is limited. Temperature - resistant surfactants can reduce interfacial tension, improve conformance and increase oil washing efficiency In this paper, a temperature-resistant nano-type surface active JCN-001 was developed in the laboratory. By testing its particle size distribution, the experimental results can determine that the average particle size range of the system is 34.29nm, so that it can play a better role in low permeability reservoir recovery. Due to its unique nano properties, JCN at 0.2% concentration can still maintain a good effect at about 110, and the oil/water interfacial tension can reach 10-4nm/m, and can also reach ultra-low interfacial tension at high temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more significant the effect According to the changes of surface tension and oil-water interfacial tension, the critical micelle concentration was determined to be about 0.2%. The static adsorption experiments and dynamic adsorption experiments were carried out. The results show that the temperature resistant nano-surfactants have strong adsorption resistance and can effectively reduce the consumption of surfactants on rocks

The Effects of Fungicide, Soil Fumigant, Bio-Organic Fertilizer and Their Combined Application on Chrysanthemum Fusarium Wilt Controlling, Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Properties

Sustained monoculture often leads to a decline in soil quality, in particular to the build-up of pathogen populations, a problem that is conventionally addressed by the use of either fungicide and/or soil fumigation. This practice is no longer considered to be either environmentally sustainable or safe. While the application of organic fertilizer is seen as a means of combating declining soil fertility, it has also been suggested as providing some control over certain soil-borne plant pathogens. Here, a greenhouse comparison was made of the Fusarium wilt control efficacy of various treatments given to a soil in which chrysanthemum had been produced continuously for many years. The treatments comprised the fungicide carbendazim (MBC), the soil fumigant dazomet (DAZ), the incorporation of a Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR21 (P. polymyxa SQR21, fungal antagonist) enhanced bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), and applications of BOF combined with either MBC or DAZ. Data suggest that all the treatments evaluated show good control over Fusarium wilt. The MBC and DAZ treatments were effective in suppressing the disease, but led to significant decrease in urease activity and no enhancement of catalase activity in the rhizosphere soils. BOF including treatments showed significant enhancement in soil enzyme activities and microbial communities compared to the MBC and DAZ, evidenced by differences in bacterial/fungi (B/F) ratios, Shannon–Wiener indexes and urease, catalase and sucrase activities in the rhizosphere soil of chrysanthemum. Of all the treatments evaluated, DAZ/BOF application not only greatly suppressed Fusarium wilt and enhanced soil enzyme activities and microbial communities but also promoted the quality of chrysanthemum obviously. Our findings suggest that combined BOF with DAZ could more effectively control Fusarium wilt disease of chrysanthemum

Closed-Loop Control Better than Open-Loop Control of Profofol TCI Guided by BIS: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial to Evaluate the CONCERT-CL Closed-Loop System

<div><p>Background</p><p>The CONCERT-CL closed-loop infusion system designed by VERYARK Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangxi, China) is an innovation using TCI combined with closed-loop controlled intravenous anesthesia under the guide of BIS. In this study we performed a randomized, controlled, multicenter study to compare closed-loop control and open-loop control of propofol by using the CONCERT-CL closed-loop infusion system.</p><p>Methods</p><p>180 surgical patients from three medical centers undergone TCI intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil were randomly assigned to propofol closed-loop group and propofol opened-loop groups. Primary outcome was global score (GS, GS = (MDAPE+Wobble)/% of time of bispectral index (BIS) 40-60). Secondary outcomes were doses of the anesthetics and emergence time from anesthesia, such as, time to tracheal extubation.</p><p>Results</p><p>There were 89 and 86 patients in the closed-loop and opened-loop groups, respectively. GS in the closed-loop groups (22.21±8.50) were lower than that in the opened-loop group (27.19±15.26) (p=0.009). The higher proportion of time of BIS between 40 and 60 was also observed in the closed-loop group (84.11±9.50%), while that was 79.92±13.17% in the opened-loop group, (p=0.016). No significant differences in propofol dose and time of tracheal extubation were observed. The frequency of propofol regulation in the closed-loop group (31.55±9.46 times/hr) was obverse higher than that in the opened-loop group (6.84±6.21 times/hr) (p=0.000).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The CONCERT-CL closed-loop infusion system can automatically regulate the TCI of propofol, maintain the BIS value in an adequate range and reduce the workload of anesthesiologists better than open-loop system.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ChiCTR <a href="http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=9931/ChiCTR-OOR-14005551" target="_blank">ChiCTR-OOR-14005551</a></p></div

Effectiveness of the closed-loop control system.

<p>Data are presented as mean ± SD.</p><p>Closed-loop = automated control of propofol infusion group guided by the bispectral index; Opened-loop = manual control infusion group guided by the bispectral index; BIS<40(%) = percentage of time in which the BIS value was less than a value of 40; 4060(%) = percentage of time in which the BIS value was greater than a value of 60; SR = burst suppression ratio was calculated as SR>10% lasting at least one minute; PE = Performance error was defined as the difference between the actual value and the set value of BIS; MDPE = Median performance error; MDAPE = Median absolute performance error; Wobble = the intraindividual variability in PE; GS = Global score of BIS.</p><p>Effectiveness of the closed-loop control system.</p

Patients’ flowchart.

<p>Of the 180 included patients, 1 and 3 patients were excluded from the closed-loop and opened-loop group, respectively, due to artifact of BIS, too short maintenance duration, or operation error. Thus, 89 and 86 patients were available for analysis in the two groups, respectively.</p

Comparison of anesthetic procedures between the two groups during the induction phase.

<p>Data are presented as means± SD; or number (%).</p><p>Closed-loop = automated control of propofol infusion group guided by the bispectral index; Opened-loop = manual control infusion group guided by the bispectral index; The induction time = the time from the infusion of propofol and remifentanil to a BIS maintained at <60 for 30 seconds; SR = burst suppression ratio was calculated as SR>10% lasting at least one minute.</p><p>Comparison of anesthetic procedures between the two groups during the induction phase.</p

Two samples of the result of the trends of BIS and calculated target concentrations of propofol during anesthesia from the two groups.

<p>Two samples of the result of the trends of BIS (red lines) and calculated target concentrations of propofol (green lines) during the induction phase and maintenance phase in the two groups. The above was the closed-loop group (GS = 15.98) and the below was opened-loop group (GS = 30.11).</p