Secondary metabolites isolated from <i>Penicillium christenseniae</i> SD.84 and their antimicrobial resistance effects

A pair of new quinolone alkaloid enantiomers, (Ra)-(-)-viridicatol (1) and (Sa)-(+)-viridicatol (4), and seven known compounds, namely, 2, 3 and 5–9, were isolated from Penicillium christenseniae SD.84. The structures of 1 and 4 were determined using NMR and HRESIMS data. Theoretical calculations through CD and ECD confirmed 1 and 4 as a pair of enantiomers. The MIC values of 4 against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 12.4 and 24.7 μM, respectively, compound 1 had no inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial assays of 2, 3, and 5–7 showed a moderate activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study demonstrated the remarkable potential of Penicillium sp. to produce new drug-resistant leading compounds, thereby advancing the mining for new sources of antimicrobial agents.</p

Peniphenones A–D from the Mangrove Fungus <i>Penicillium dipodomyicola</i> HN4-3A as Inhibitors of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Phosphatase MptpB

A pair of unusual benzannulated 6,6-spiroketal enantiomers [(−)-<b>1</b> and (+)-<b>1</b>] and three new biogenetically related compounds (<b>2</b>–<b>4</b>), together with two known related analogues (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>), have been isolated from a mangrove fungus, <i>Penicillium dipodomyicola</i> HN4-3A. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR data) and X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of enantiomers (−)-<b>1</b> and (+)-<b>1</b> were determined using quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> exhibited strong inhibitory activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) with IC₅₀ values of 0.16 ± 0.02 and 1.37 ± 0.05 μM, respectively

Polyketides with α‑Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus, <i>Penicillium</i> sp. HN29-3B1

Five new compounds, pinazaphilones A and B (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>), two phenolic compounds (<b>4</b>, <b>5</b>), and penicidone D (<b>6</b>), together with the known Sch 1385568 (<b>3</b>), (±)-penifupyrone (<b>7</b>), 3-<i>O</i>-methylfunicone (<b>8</b>), 5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (<b>9</b>), and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid (<b>10</b>) were obtained from the culture of the endophytic fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. HN29-3B1, which was isolated from a fresh branch of the mangrove plant <i>Cerbera manghas</i> collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Structures of compounds <b>4</b> and <b>7</b> were further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment using Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configurations of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were assigned by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroic spectra. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>7</b> inhibited α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values of 28.0, 16.6, 2.2, and 14.4 μM, respectively, and are thus more potent than the positive control, acarbose

Asperterpenols A and B, New Sesterterpenoids Isolated from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242

Asperterpenol A (<b>1</b>) and asperterpenol B (<b>2</b>), two novel sesterterpenoids with an unusual 5/8/6/6 tetracyclic ring skeleton, were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and the absolute configurations determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> inhibit acetylcholinesterase with IC₅₀ values of 2.3 and 3.0 μM, respectively

Asperterpenols A and B, New Sesterterpenoids Isolated from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242

Asperterpenol A (<b>1</b>) and asperterpenol B (<b>2</b>), two novel sesterterpenoids with an unusual 5/8/6/6 tetracyclic ring skeleton, were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and the absolute configurations determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> inhibit acetylcholinesterase with IC₅₀ values of 2.3 and 3.0 μM, respectively

Asperterpenols A and B, New Sesterterpenoids Isolated from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242

Asperterpenol A (<b>1</b>) and asperterpenol B (<b>2</b>), two novel sesterterpenoids with an unusual 5/8/6/6 tetracyclic ring skeleton, were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. 085242. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and the absolute configurations determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> inhibit acetylcholinesterase with IC₅₀ values of 2.3 and 3.0 μM, respectively