Xylanthraquinone, a new anthraquinone from the fungus <i>Xylaria</i> sp. 2508 from the South China Sea

<div><p>Xylanthraquinone (<b>1</b>), a new anthraquinone, along with three known compounds, altersolanol A (<b>2</b>), deoxybostrycin (<b>3</b>) and bostrycin (<b>4</b>) was isolated from the fungus <i>Xylaria</i> sp. 2508 from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were identified by NMR experiments, and the absolute configuration of compound <b>1</b> was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> did not show inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (IC₅₀ values more than 100 μM).</p></div

Additional file 2: of Differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in young and older rats and their effect on tumor growth factor-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells

SA-β-gal expression in young and old MSCs. a SA-β-gal staining (×100). Compared with the Y-MSC group, the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells in the O-MSC group clearly increased. b Quantification of SA-β-gal-positive cells. The number of SA-β-gal-positive cells was determined by screening 500 random cells under a phase-contrast microscope. The number of SA-β-gal-positive cells in the O-MSC group was significantly higher than that in the Y-MSC group (**P < 0.01; n = 5). MSC mesenchymal stem cell, SA-β-gal senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. (DOC 2015 kb

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the fatness index of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the fatness index of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p

Atomic Mechanism of Hybridization-Dependent Surface Reconstruction with Tailored Functionality in Hexagonal Multiferroics

The broken symmetry along with anomalous defect structures and charging conditions at multiferroics surface can alter both crystal structures and electronic configurations, bringing in emergent physical properties. Extraordinary surface states are induced into original mutually coupled order parameters in such strongly correlated oxides, which flourish in diverse properties but remain less explored. Here, we report the peculiar surface ferroelectric states and reconfigurable functionalities driven by the relaxation of surface and consequent changes in O 2p and Y 4d orbital (p–d) hybridization within a representative hexagonal multiferroics, YMnO₃. An unprecedented surface reconstruction is achieved by tailored p–d hybridization coupling with in-plane oxygen vacancies, which is atomically revealed on the basis of the advantages of state-of-the-art aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. Further ab initio density functional theory calculations verify the key roles of in-plane oxygen vacancies in modulating polarization properties and electronic structure, which should be regarded as the atomic multiferroic element. This surface configuration is found to induce tunable functionalities, such as surface ferromagnetism and conductivity. Meanwhile, the controversial origin of improper ferroelectricity that is unexpectedly free from critical size has also been atomically unraveled. Our findings provide new insights into the design and implementation of surface chemistry devices by simply controlling the oxygen stoichiometry, greatly advance our understandings of surface science in strongly correlated oxides, and enable exciting innovations and new technological functionality paradigms

Effects of morphometric traits on the fatness index of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Effects of morphometric traits on the fatness index of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p

The level of 8-OHdG was increased in HC kidneys and decreased in CR kidneys.

<p>Immunohistochemistry staining results for LC3 proteins and 8-OHdG in the kidneys of the CON, CR and HC Fischer 344 rats were scanned by a microscope. CON, control animals; CR, calorie-restricted diet; HC, high-calorie diet.</p

The red strain of saltwater clam <i>Meretrix meretrix</i>.

The red strain of saltwater clam Meretrix meretrix.</p

The levels of p16 and SA-β-gal increased in HC kidneys and decreased in CR kidneys.

<p>The expression of the senescence biomarkers p16 and senescence-associated-galactosidase wasanalyzed in the kidneys of CON, CR, and HC Fischer 344 rats. <b>a:</b> Western blot results for p16 protein. <b>b:</b> Quantitative analysis of the band density for p16. The protein expression data are presented as the mean ± SD (n  = 6). *p<0.05 vs. CON. <b>c:</b>Senescence-associated-galactosidase staining (magnification ×400). Blue precipitation in the cytoplasm was observed in the senescent cells.CON, control animals; CR, calorie-restricted diet; HC, high-calorie diet.</p

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the meat yield of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i> (N = 50).

Determinant and co-determinant coefficients of the morphometric traits on the meat yield of Meretrix meretrix (N = 50).</p

LC3 was decreased in HC kidneys and increased in CR kidneys compared with CON kidneys.

<p>LC3 expression was analysed by Western blotting in the renal tissues of the CON, CR and HC Fischer 344 rats. <b>a:</b> Theexpression of LC3-I and LC3-II proteins was detected by Western blot analysis.<b>b:</b> The ratio of the LC3-II to LC3-I bands was analyzed. The protein expression data are presented as the mean ± SD (n  = 6). *p<0.05 vs. CON.<b>c:</b> Immunohistochemistry staining results for LC3 proteins and 8-OHdG in the kidneys of the CON, CR and HC Fischer 344 rats were scanned by a microscope.CON, control animals; CR, calorie-restricted diet; HC, high-calorie diet.</p