5 research outputs found
Tumor Microenvironment Activated Membrane Fusogenic Liposome with Speedy Antibody and Doxorubicin Delivery for Synergistic Treatment of Metastatic Tumors
Metastasis is the principal event
leading to breast cancer death.
Discovery of novel therapeutic approaches that are specific in targeting
tumor metastasis factors while at the same time are an effective treatment
of the tumor is urgently required. S100A4 protein is a key player
in promoting metastasis and sequestrating the effect of tumor-suppressor
protein p53. Here, a tumor microenvironment activated membrane fusogenic
liposome was prepared to deliver rapidly anti-S100A4 antibody and
doxorubicin into the cytoplasm directly in a fusion-dependent manner
in order to bypass the cellular endocytosis to avoid the inefficient
escape and degradation in the acidic endosome. After intracellular
S100A4 blockage with anti-S100A4 antibody, the cytoskeleton of breast
cancer 4T1 cells was rearranged and cell motility was suppressed.
In the meantime, the antitumor effect of doxorubicin was enormously
enhanced by reversing the effect of S100A4 on the sequestration of
tumor-suppressor protein p53. Importantly, both local growth and metastasis
of 4T1 cells were inhibited in a xenograft mouse model. Together,
the speedy delivery of antibody and doxorubicin into cytoplasm based
on a new membrane fusogenic liposome was an innovative approach for
metastatic breast cancer treatment
PEG‑<i>b</i>‑PCL Copolymer Micelles with the Ability of pH-Controlled Negative-to-Positive Charge Reversal for Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin
The application of PEG-<i>b</i>-PCL micelles was dampened
by their inherent low drug-loading capability and relatively poor
cell uptake efficiency. In this study, a series of novel PEG-<i>b</i>-PCL copolymers methoxy polyÂ(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-polyÂ(ε-caprolactone-<i>co-Îł</i>-dimethyl maleamidic
acid -ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-<i>b</i>-PÂ(CL-<i>co</i>-DCL)) bearing different amounts of acid-labile β-carboxylic
amides on the polyester moiety were synthesized. The chain structure
and chemical composition of copolymers were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and
gel permeation chromatography (GPC). mPEG-<i>b</i>-PÂ(CL-<i>co</i>-DCL) with critical micellar concentrations (CMCs) of
3.2–6.3 μg/mL could self-assemble into stable micelles
in water with diameters of 100 to 150 nm. Doxorubicin (DOX), a cationic
hydrophobic drug, was successfully encapsulated into the polymer micelles,
achieving a very high loading content due to electrostatic interaction.
Then the stability, charge-conversional behavior, loading and release
profiles, cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of free drug and
drug-loaded micelles were evaluated. The β-carboxylic amides
functionalized polymer micelles are negatively charged and stable
in neutral solution but quickly become positively charged at pH 6.0,
due to the hydrolysis of β-carboxylic amides in acidic conditions.
The pH-triggered negative-to-positive charge reversal not only resulted
in a very fast drug release in acidic conditions, but also effectively
enhanced the cellular uptake by electrostatic absorptive endocytosis.
The MTT assay demonstrated that mPEG-<i>b</i>-PÂ(CL-<i>co</i>-DCL) micelles were biocompatible to HepG2 cells while
DOX-loaded micelles showed significant cytotoxicity. In sum, the introduction
of acid-labile β-carboxylic amides on the polyester block in
mPEG-<i>b</i>-PÂ(CL-<i>co</i>-DCL) exhibited great
potentials for the modifications in the stability in blood circulation,
drug solubilization, and release properties, as well as cell internalization
and intracellular drug release
DataSheet_1_Early effective intervention can significantly reduce all-cause mortality in prediabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on high-quality clinical studies.docx
BackgroundReducing the occurrence of diabetes is considered a primary criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for prediabetes. There is existing evidence that early lifestyle-based interventions can significantly decrease the incidence of diabetes. However, whether effective interventions can reduce long-term outcomes in patients, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular risks, and the occurrence of microvascular complications, which are the most concerning issues for both patients and clinicians, remains a subject of inconsistent research findings. And there is no direct evidence to answer whether effective intervention has long-term benefits for prediabetic patients. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between early effective intervention and macrovascular and microvascular complications in prediabetic patients.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for the randomized controlled trials of lifestyle or/and drugs intervention in prediabetes from inception to 2023.9.15. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. Random or fixed effects model meta-analysis to derive overall relative risk (RR) with 95% CI for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and microvascular complications.ResultsAs of September 15, 2023, a total of 7 effective intervention studies were included, comprising 26 articles out of 25,671 articles. These studies involved 26,389 patients with a total follow-up duration of 178,038.6 person-years. The results indicate that effective intervention can significantly reduce all-cause mortality in prediabetic patients without a history of cardiovascular disease by 17% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.98). Additionally, effective intervention reduced the incidence of retinopathy by 38% (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.70-0.98). Furthermore, the study results suggest that women and younger individuals have lower all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Subsequently, we conducted an in-depth analysis of patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. The results revealed that prediabetic patients with a 10-year cardiovascular risk >10% experienced more significant benefits in terms of all-cause mortality (P=0.01). When comparing the results of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality from the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study longitudinally, it was evident that the duration of follow-up is a key factor influencing long-term benefits. In other words, the beneficial effects become more pronounced as the intervention duration reaches a certain threshold.ConclusionEarly effective intervention, which significantly reduces the incidence of diabetes, can effectively lower all-cause mortality in prediabetic patients without a history of cardiovascular disease (especially those with a 10-year cardiovascular risk >10%), with women and younger individuals benefiting more significantly. Additionally, the duration of follow-up is a key factor influencing outcomes. The conclusions of this study can provide evidence-based guidance for the clinical treatment of prediabetic patients to prevent cardiovascular and microvascular complications.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42020160985.</p
A Retrievable and Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Sulfide and Imaging in Living Cells
A novel selective fluorescent chemosensor based on an
8-hydroxyquinoline-appended
fluorescein derivative (<b>L1</b>) was synthesized and characterized.
Once combined with Cu<sup>2+</sup>, it displayed high specificity
for sulfide anion. Among the various anions, only sulfide anion induced
the revival of fluoresecence of <b>L1</b>, which was quenched
by Cu<sup>2+</sup>, resulting in “off–on”-type
sensing of sulfide anion. What’s more, the sensor was retrievable
to indicate sulfide anions with Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and S<sup>2–</sup>, in turn, increased. With the addition of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, compound <b>L1</b> could give rise to a visible pink-to-yellow color change
and green fluorescence quenching. The resulting yellow solution could
change to pink and regenerate to green fluorescence immediately upon
the addition of sulfide anion; however, no changes were observed in
the presence of other anions, including CN<sup>–</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>4–</sup>, and other
forms of sulfate, making compound <b>L1</b> an extremely selective
and efficient sulfide chemosensor. The signal transduction occurs
via reversible formation–separation of complex <b>L1</b>Cu and CuS. What’s more, the biological imaging study has
demonstrated that the chemosensor can detect sulfur anions in biological
systems at a relatively low concentration
Data_Sheet_1_Isolation of phosphorus-hyperaccumulating microalgae from revolving algal biofilm (RAB) wastewater treatment systems.zip
Excess phosphorus (P) in wastewater effluent poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and can spur harmful algal blooms. Revolving algal biofilm (RAB) systems are an emerging technology to recover P from wastewater before discharge into aquatic ecosystems. In RAB systems, a community of microalgae take up and store wastewater P as polyphosphate as they grow in a partially submerged revolving biofilm, which may then be harvested and dried for use as fertilizer in lieu of mined phosphate rock. In this work, we isolated and characterized a total of 101 microalgae strains from active RAB systems across the US Midwest, including 82 green algae, 9 diatoms, and 10 cyanobacteria. Strains were identified by microscopy and 16S/18S ribosomal DNA sequencing, cryopreserved, and screened for elevated P content (as polyphosphate). Seven isolated strains possessed at least 50% more polyphosphate by cell dry weight than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system, with the top strain accumulating nearly threefold more polyphosphate. These top P-hyperaccumulating strains include the green alga Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g and the diatoms Eolimna minima TCF-3d and Craticula molestiformis TCF-8d, possessing 11.4, 12.7, and 14.0% polyphosphate by cell dry weight, respectively. As a preliminary test of strain application for recovering P, Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g was reinoculated into a bench-scale RAB system containing Bold basal medium. The strain successfully recolonized the system and recovered twofold more P from the medium than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system treating municipal wastewater. These isolated P-hyperaccumulating microalgae may have broad applications in resource recovery from various waste streams, including improving P removal from wastewater.</p