Fabrication of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanotubes by Electrospinning

Fabrication of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanotubes by Electrospinnin

Computed tomography (CT) revealed retroperitoneal paraganglioma(yellow arrow) in the left side.

<p>Computed tomography (CT) revealed retroperitoneal paraganglioma(yellow arrow) in the left side.</p

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of PG.

<p>Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of PG.</p

The retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach for PG.

<p>The retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach for PG.</p

Clinical Demographics and Tumor Characteristics.

<p>Clinical Demographics and Tumor Characteristics.</p

Nanostructured Cu-Al2O3 Composite Produced by Citric Acid Sol-Gel Method

Nanostructured Cu-Al2O3 Composite Produced by Citric Acid Sol-Gel Metho

Ischemic Preconditioning Mediates Neuroprotection against Ischemia in Mouse Hippocampal CA1 Neurons by Inducing Autophagy

<div><p>The hippocampal CA1 region is sensitive to hypoxic and ischemic injury but can be protected by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, the mechanism through which IPC protects hippocampal CA1 neurons is still under investigation. Additionally, the role of autophagy in determining the fate of hippocampal neurons is unclear. Here, we examined whether IPC induced autophagy to alleviate hippocampal CA1 neuronal death in vitro and in vivo with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) models. Survival of hippocampal neurons increased from 51.5% ± 6.3% in the non-IPC group (55 min of OGD) to 77.3% ± 7.9% in the IPC group (15 min of OGD, followed by 55 min of OGD 24 h later). The number of hippocampal CA1 layer neurons increased from 182 ± 26 cells/mm² in the non-IPC group (20 min of BCCAO) to 278 ± 55 cells/mm² in the IPC group (1 min × 3 BCCAO, followed by 20 min of BCCAO 24 h later). Akt phosphorylation and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I expression were increased in the preconditioning group. Moreover, the protective effects of IPC were abolished only by inhibiting the activity of autophagy, but not by blocking the activation of Akt in vitro. Using in vivo experiments, we found that LC3 expression was upregulated, accompanied by an increase in neuronal survival in hippocampal CA1 neurons in the preconditioning group. The neuroprotective effects of IPC on hippocampal CA1 neurons were completely inhibited by treatment with 3-MA. In contrast, hippocampal CA3 neurons did not show changes in autophagic activity or beneficial effects of IPC. These data suggested that IPC may attenuate ischemic injury in hippocampal CA1 neurons through induction of Akt-independent autophagy.</p></div

Floral organ number is affected in single, double and triple mutants of <i>hws-1</i>, <i>cuc1-1D</i> and <i>cuc2-1D</i>.

<p>Comparative phenotypic analyses of flowers at developmental stage 15a. (<b>A-E</b>), lateral view of flowers; (<b>F-J</b>), close up of sepal separation; (<b>K-O</b>), aerial view at stage 15a from: (<b>A, F, K</b>) <i>cuc1-1D</i>; (<b>B, G, L</b>), <i>cuc2-1D</i>; (<b>C, H, M</b>), <i>hws-1/cuc2-1D</i>; (<b>D, I, N</b>), <i>cuc1-1D/ cuc2-1D</i> and (<b>E, J, O</b>), <i>hws-1/cuc1-1D/cuc2-1D</i>. (<b>P-W</b>), dissected flowers at stage 15a from: (<b>P</b>) Columbia-0, (<b>Q</b>) <i>hws-1</i>, (<b>R</b>) <i>cuc1-1D</i>, (<b>S</b>) <i>cuc2-1D</i>, (<b>T</b>) <i>hws-1/cuc1-1D</i>, (<b>U</b>) <i>hws-1/cuc2-1D</i>, (<b>V</b>) <i>cuc1-1D/ cuc2-1D</i> and (<b>W</b>) <i>hws-1/cuc1-1D/cuc2-1D</i>. Scale bars: 1 mm in (<b>A-J</b>) and 300 μm in (<b>K-W</b>), * show misshapen organs. (<b>X</b>), Five flowers from six plants of each genotype were dissected and their floral organs quantified and statistically analysed by regression analyses using generalized linear models. Stars indicate a significant difference in the mean at P≤0.05 n = 30. Bars indicate SD.</p

A silent mutation in <i>CUC1</i> does not change floral organ numbers in a Columbia-0 background but induces extra floral organs in <i>hws-1</i>, <i>cuc1-1D</i> and <i>hws-1/cuc1-1D</i>.

<p>(<b>A, D, G, J, M</b>), Lateral view; (<b>B, E, H, K</b>), Aerial view; (<b>C, F, I, L</b>), dissected flowers of primary transformants in the following backgrounds: (<b>A-C</b>), Columbia-0; (<b>D-F</b>), <i>hws-1</i>; (<b>G-I</b>), <i>cuc1-1D</i>; and (<b>J-L</b>), <i>hws-1/cuc1-1D</i>, note bifurcated anther inidicated with a white star in panel L. (<b>M</b>), Mature siliques showing suppression of sepal fusion in <i>hws-1</i>: left silique originated from a <i>hws-1</i> mutant, right silique originated from a primary transformant <i>hws-1</i> plant transformed with <i>CUC1-SV</i>. Scale bars: 1mm. Black and white stars show altered floral organs.</p

Phenotypic characterisation of <i>hst-24</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Dissected flower from developmental stage 15a from <i>hst-24/hws-1</i>. (<b>B</b>) Comparative analyses of sepal and petal sizes from flowers (stage 15a) of Col-0, <i>hws-1</i>, <i>hst-24/hws-1</i> and <i>hst-24</i>. (<b>C</b>). Twenty-five flowers from six plants of Col-0, <i>hst-24/hws-1</i> and <i>hst-24</i> were dissected and their sepals and petals quantified and statistically analysed by regression analyses using generalized linear models. Stars indicate a significant difference in the mean at P≤0.001 n = 450. Bars indicate SD. (<b>D</b>) Rosettes, and (<b>E</b>) Dissected leaves from 22-day-old plants from Col-0, <i>hws-1</i>, <i>hst-24/hws-1</i> and <i>hst-24</i>. Bars in A, B = 1mm; and in D, E = 1 cm.</p