Certain Class of Analytic Functions Based on qq-difference operator

In this paper, we considered a generalized class of starlike functions defined by Kanas and R\u{a}ducanu\cite{10} to obtain integral means inequalities and subordination results. Further, we obtain the for various subclasses of starlike functions.Comment:

Scanning of Transposable Elements and Analyzing Expression of Transposase Genes of Sweet Potato [<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>]

<div><p>Background</p><p>Transposable elements (TEs) are the most abundant genomic components in eukaryotes and affect the genome by their replications and movements to generate genetic plasticity. Sweet potato performs asexual reproduction generally and the TEs may be an important genetic factor for genome reorganization. Complete identification of TEs is essential for the study of genome evolution. However, the TEs of sweet potato are still poorly understood because of its complex hexaploid genome and difficulty in genome sequencing. The recent availability of the sweet potato transcriptome databases provides an opportunity for discovering and characterizing the expressed TEs.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We first established the integrated-transcriptome database by <i>de novo</i> assembling four published sweet potato transcriptome databases from three cultivars in China. Using sequence-similarity search and analysis, a total of 1,405 TEs including 883 retrotransposons and 522 DNA transposons were predicted and categorized. Depending on mapping sets of RNA-Seq raw short reads to the predicted TEs, we compared the quantities, classifications and expression activities of TEs inter- and intra-cultivars. Moreover, the differential expressions of TEs in seven tissues of <i>Xushu</i> 18 cultivar were analyzed by using Illumina digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling. It was found that 417 TEs were expressed in one or more tissues and 107 in all seven tissues. Furthermore, the copy number of 11 transposase genes was determined to be 1–3 copies in the genome of sweet potato by Real-time PCR-based absolute quantification.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Our result provides a new method for TE searching on species with transcriptome sequences while lacking genome information. The searching, identification and expression analysis of TEs will provide useful TE information in sweet potato, which are valuable for the further studies of TE-mediated gene mutation and optimization in asexual reproduction. It contributes to elucidating the roles of TEs in genome evolution.</p></div

Characteristics and details of four primary transcriptome databases.

<p><b>XS18-v:</b> transcriptome from a mixed sample of roots, stems and leaves in cultivar <i>Xushu 18</i>. <b>XS18-f:</b> transcriptome from flowers in cultivar <i>Xushu 18</i>. <b>GS87-r:</b> transcriptome from roots in cultivar <i>Guangshu 87</i>. <b>JS6-r:</b> transcriptome from roots in cultivar <i>Jjingshu 6</i>.</p

Top-Hit species distribution.

<p>1,405 BLASTX-hit TE sequences were calculated. More than 50% of the identified TEs have the highest homology with <i>Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa</i> and <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>. Less than 5% of the top matches hit sweet potato itself due to the limited number of the sweet potato protein sequences available in the NCBI database.</p

Identification of transposase gene copy number of Sweet potato using real-time PCR-based absolute quantification.

<p>Identification of transposase gene copy number of Sweet potato using real-time PCR-based absolute quantification.</p

Transposable elements identified and collected in the integrated-transcriptome database of sweet potato.

<p>Transposable elements identified and collected in the integrated-transcriptome database of sweet potato.</p

Expressed TE number in different cultivars of sweet potato.

<p>TEs were compared pair-wisely to detect the expressed TE number in different cultivars of sweet potato. Each circle represented the TE number expressed in a certain cultivar or tissue, and the cross part meant the co-expressed TE number in both two cultivars. Abbreviations GS87-rTE meant TEs in roots of cultivar <i>Guangshu</i>87, XS18-fTE meant TEs in flowers of cultivar <i>Xushu</i>18 and XS18-vTE meant TEs in vegetative organs of cultivar <i>Xushu</i>18. This overlapping circle diagram was made by auto CAD 2004 software.</p

Classifications of the TEs in different sweet potato cultivars.

<p>XS18-vTE: TEs in vegetative organs of cultivar <i>Xushu</i>18. XS18-fTE: TEs in flowers of cultivar <i>Xushu</i>18. GS87-rTE: TEs in roots of cultivar <i>Guangshu</i>87. JS6-rTE: TEs in roots of cultivar <i>Jingshu</i>6.</p

Comparison of predicted and measured transposase genes from the genome of Sweet potato.

<p><b>BDP:</b> bases differences percentage.</p><p><b>ADP:</b> Amino acids differences percentage.</p

Statistics of the digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling of TEs in the main superfamily.

<p><b>YL:</b> young leaves, <b>ML:</b> mature leaves, <b>FR:</b> fibrous roots, <b>ITR:</b> initial tuberous roots, <b>ETR:</b> expanding tuberous roots, <b>HTR:</b> harvest tuberous roots.</p