Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of docetaxel and interspecies scaling: comparison of simple injection with folate receptor-targeting amphiphilic copolymer-modified liposomes

<p>1. To compare the disposition of docetaxel (DTX) in male/female rats after intravenous administration of simple injection and folate-poly(PEG-cyanoacrylate-co-cholesteryl cyanoacrylate)-modified liposomes utilising a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling method, and extrapolate this model to mice and humans by taking into account the interspecies differences in physiological- and chemical-specific parameters.</p> <p>2. Four structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included artery, vein, lung, brain, heart, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, muscle and remainder compartment.</p> <p>3. Rats following modified liposomes administration were characterised by significant decrease in the partition coefficients for brain, spleen, liver and remainder compartment. The blood-to-plasma partition coefficient also decreased significantly, while a marked rise of partition coefficients for lung, kidney and muscle was revealed. Partition coefficient for heart was approximately 1.3-fold higher in females than males, while the decrease of intestinal clearance was revealed in females compared to males. The final model successfully characterised the time course of DTX in rats, mice and humans.</p> <p>4. This PBPK model is beneficial to the prediction of the effects of DTX in different species. It also represented a platform to encompass both formulation- and sex-related effects on DTX disposition and elimination in the future.</p

Asymmetric Paper Supercapacitor Based on Amorphous Porous Mn₃O₄ Negative Electrode and Ni(OH)₂ Positive Electrode: A Novel and High-Performance Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage Device

Here we synthesize novel asymmetric all-solid-state paper supercapacitors (APSCs) based on amorphous porous Mn₃O₄ grown on conducting paper (NGP) (Mn₃O₄/NGP) negative electrode and Ni­(OH)₂ grown on NGP (Ni­(OH)₂/NGP) as positive electrode, and they have attracted intensive research interest owing to their outstanding properties such as being flexible, ultrathin, and lightweight. The fabricated APSCs exhibit a high areal <i>C</i>_sp of 3.05 F/cm³ and superior cycling stability. The novel asymmetric APSCs also exhibit high energy density of 0.35 mW h/cm³, high power density of 32.5 mW/cm³, and superior cycling performance (<17% capacitance loss after 12 000 cycles at a high scan rate of 100 mV/s). This work shows the first example of amorphous porous metal oxide/NGP electrodes for the asymmetric APSCs, and these systems hold great potential for future flexible electronic devices

α‑Fe₂O₃@PANI Core–Shell Nanowire Arrays as Negative Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Highly ordered three-dimensional α-Fe₂O₃@PANI core–shell nanowire arrays with enhanced specific areal capacity and rate performance are fabricated by a simple and cost-effective electrodeposition method. The α-Fe₂O₃@PANI core–shell nanowire arrays provide a large reaction surface area, fast ion and electron transfer, and good structure stability, which all are beneficial for improving the electrochemical performance. Here, high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are designed using α-Fe₂O₃@PANI core–shell nanowire arrays as anode and PANI nanorods grown on carbon cloth as cathode, and they display a high volumetric capacitance of 2.02 mF/cm³ based on the volume of device, a high energy density of 0.35 mWh/cm³ at a power density of 120.51 mW/cm³, and very good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 95.77% after 10 000 cycles. These findings will promote the application of α-Fe₂O₃@PANI core–shell nanowire arrays as advanced negative electrodes for ASCs

An Alkaline-Stable, Metal Hydroxide Mimicking Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

Postsynthetic ion exchange of [Co₂(μ-Cl)₂(btta)] (MAF-X27-Cl, H₂bbta =1<i>H</i>,5<i>H</i>-benzo­(1,2-<i>d</i>:4,5-<i>d</i>′)­bistriazole) possessing open metal sites on its pore surface yields a material [Co₂(μ-OH)₂(bbta)] (MAF-X27-OH) functionalized by both open metal sites and hydroxide ligands, giving drastically improved electrocatalytic activities for the oxygen evolution reaction (an overpotential of 292 mV at 10.0 mA cm^–2 in 1.0 M KOH solution). Isotope tracing experiments further confirm that the hydroxide ligands are involved in the OER process to provide a low-energy intraframework coupling pathway