Study on equilibrium strategies for transboundary pollution under competitive conditions

Competitive relationships among players plays an increasing role on transboundary pollution management. In this paper, a transboundary pollution game between two competitive regions as a player is constructed to explore the equilibrium strategies of output and pollution abatement efforts. The dynamic of the pollution stocks for regions are modeled separately in terms of a differential equation. Subsequently, the corresponding equilibrium strategies and value functions are derived in two regimes: Nash non-cooperative and Stackelberg leader–follower games. And the expectation and variances of pollution stocks are calculated over time. Our results are summarized as follows. First, an increase in the proportion of transboundary pollution increases the output of pollution upstream region, decreases the output of pollution downstream region, and ultimately raises the aggregate pollution stock of both regions. Second, regional competitive preference can enhance the local abatement effort and reduce the aggregate pollution stock. Finally, the total social welfare and environmental quality are higher in the Nash non-cooperative game, but pollution downstream region seek to be a leader in the Stackelberg game

A panel of CpG methylation sites distinguishes human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Whether human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are epigenetically identical to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been debated in the stem cell field. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns in a large number of hiPSCs (n = 114) and hESCs (n = 155), and identified a panel of 82 CpG methylation sites that can distinguish hiPSCs from hESCs with high accuracy. We show that 12 out of the 82 CpG sites were subject to hypermethylation in part by DNMT3B. Notably, DNMT3B contributes directly to aberrant hypermethylation and silencing of the signature gene, TCERG1L. Overall, we conclude that DNMT3B is involved in a wave of de novo methylation during reprogramming, a portion of which contributes to the unique hiPSC methylation signature. These 82 CpG methylation sites may be useful as biomarkers to distinguish between hiPSCs and hESCs

Basic Research Progress of Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis Jingfang on Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract Clinical studies have demonstrated that Jingfang can effectively reduce urine protein and delay the process of DN. Jingfang of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis which has a long history in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. It has many effects such as anti-oxidation, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effect. To this end, this article reviews the basic research progress of the prevention and treatment of DN about Jingfang of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.</jats:p

A Panel of CpG Methylation Sites Distinguishes Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

SummaryWhether human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are epigenetically identical to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been debated in the stem cell field. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns in a large number of hiPSCs (n = 114) and hESCs (n = 155), and identified a panel of 82 CpG methylation sites that can distinguish hiPSCs from hESCs with high accuracy. We show that 12 out of the 82 CpG sites were subject to hypermethylation in part by DNMT3B. Notably, DNMT3B contributes directly to aberrant hypermethylation and silencing of the signature gene, TCERG1L. Overall, we conclude that DNMT3B is involved in a wave of de novo methylation during reprogramming, a portion of which contributes to the unique hiPSC methylation signature. These 82 CpG methylation sites may be useful as biomarkers to distinguish between hiPSCs and hESCs