Research progress of cancer cell membrane coated nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer

Nanoparticles (NPs) disguised in the cell membrane are a new type of biomimetic platform. Due to their ability to simulate the unique biological functions of membrane-derived cells, they have become one of the hotspots of research at home and abroad. The tumor-specific antigen antibody carried by breast cancer cell membranes can modify nanoparticles to have homologous tumor targeting. Therefore, nanoparticles wrapped in cancer cell membranes have been widely used in research on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This article reviews the current situation, prospects, advantages and limitations of nanoparticles modified by cancer cell membranes in the treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer

Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms Involving the Testis: A Case Report

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are relatively rare. Following rupture of a mucinous neoplasms of the appendix, mucus can implant into the scrotum along the congenital or acquired inguinal space. We report a case of a testicular mucinous neoplasm with no preoperative abdominal lesions. Scrotal ultrasound showed an irregular mass in the right testis and inguinal area, with uneven echogenicity (stripe hyperechoic layered distribution) and no obvious blood flow signals. Ultrasound diagnosis was suspected as mucinous neoplasm. Postoperative pathology was confirmed to be low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the testis. Subsequently, the surgeon performed laparoscopic exploration and found that the appendix tumor had ruptured and the peritoneal cavity was implanted, and an appendectomy was performed. Postoperative pathology confirmed a low-grade appendix mucinous neoplasm. The evaluation and discovery of a scrotal mucinous neoplasm requires exploration of the appendix with ultrasound imaging. Even if the inner diameter of the appendix is normal but the presence of ascites, appendiceal mucinous neoplasms need to be considered

Hsa_circ_0001859 Regulates ATF2 Expression by Functioning as an MiR-204/211 Sponge in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background. circRNAs are part of the competitive endogenous RNA network, which putatively function as miRNA sponges and play a crucial role in the development of numerous diseases. However, studies of circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease are limited. This work aims to identify the expression pattern of circRNAs in synovial tissues and their inflammatory regulation mechanism. Methods. We first compared the mRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients with that in healthy volunteers by GEO database mining to identify gene loci specifically expressed in synovial tissues. Functional enrichment algorithms were then used to draw the interactome diagram of circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs. Finally, loss-of-function and rescue assays of the candidate circRNAs were performed in vitro. Results. A total of 29 differentially expressed circRNAs related to rheumatoid arthritis were discovered. Silencing of hsa_circ_0001859 suppressed ATF2 expression and decreased inflammatory activity in SW982 cells. Hsa_circ_0001859 could compete with ATF2 for miR-204/211. Discussion. These findings indicate that hsa_circ_0001859 participates deeply in the process of chronic inflammatory disease in synovial tissue

Diastereoselective synthesis of C‑vinyl glycosides via gold(I)-catalyzed tandem 1,3-acyloxy migration/Ferrier rearrangement

A novel gold-catalyzed C-glycosylation has been developed to gain access to α,(Z)-selective C-vinyl glycosides, starting from readily available glycals and propargylic carboxylate. This reaction involves a tandem intermolecular gold-catalyzed 1,3-acyloxy migration/Ferrier rearrangement with the involvement of allenic ester as the glycosyl acceptor. A wide range of substrate scope with good to excellent yields was achieved with complete diastereoselectivity.Ministry of Education (MOE)National Research Foundation (NRF)Accepted versionWe thank the Ministry of Education (MOE 2013-T3-1-002), National Research Foundation (NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-005), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (RG14/16), China Scholarship Council (No. 201508420062), and Youth Talent Development Foundation of China Three Gorges University for their financial support. Dr. Yongxin Li and Dr. Ganguly Rakesh in the division of chemistry and biological chemistry, Nanyang Technological University are also acknowl-edged for X-ray analysis

Deep Penetration of Targeted Nanobubbles Enhanced Cavitation Effect on Thrombolytic Capacity

Sonothrombolysis with microbubbles can enhance the dissolution of thrombus through the cavitation effect of microbubbles under ultrasound irradiation. However, the detailed mechanism of thrombolysis with microscaled or nanoscaled bubbles is still not so clear. This study compared the thrombolytic capacity of cRGD-targeted or nontargeted bubbles with different particle sizes combined with urokinase (UK). The size of the microscaled bubbles (Mbs or Mbs-cRGD) was mostly approximately 3 mu m, while the nanoscaled bubbles (Nbs or Nbs-cRGD) were mainly around 220 nm. In vitro testing was performed on an extracorporeal circulation device that mimics human vascular thromboembolism. The rabbit clots in Mbs with UK groups showed peripheral worm-like dissolution, while the clots in Nbs with UK groups showed internal fissure-like collapse. In addition, the thrombolysis rate of Nbs-cRGD with the UK group was the highest. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopic images showed that the fibrin network was the most severely damaged by the Nbs-cRGD, and most of the fibrin strands were dissolved. Especially, the Nbs-cRGD can penetrate much deeper than Mbs-cRGD into the thrombus and loosen the fibrin network. Taken together, benefiting from the specific identification and deep penetration to thrombus, our developed novel targeted Nbs may have broad application prospects in the clinic

Active targeting nano-scale bubbles enhanced ultrasound cavitation chemotherapy in Y-1 receptor-overexpressed breast cancer

Ultrasound cavitation therapy has attracted much attention in recent years because the cavitation of microbubbles can be leveraged to boost the infiltration of chemotherapeutic drugs into cancer tissues. For breast cancer therapy, most of the previously reported microbubbles lack specific targeting capacity and permeability. In this study, we have successfully fabricated Y-1 receptor ligand (NPY)-modified bubbles, and examined their therapeutic efficacies as size-dependent functions with or without NPY targeting. To achieve this, four types of micro-scale bubbles (MBs or MBs-NPY) and nano-scale bubbles (NBs or NBs-NPY) were comprehensively evaluated. In vivo results indicated that the NBs-NPY group with doxorubicin (DOX) under ultrasound irradiation showed a high tumor suppression effect and a prolonged survival time. Furthermore, the NBs-NPY with DOX group exhibited minimal damage to mouse vital organs, which points to the considerable tolerance of the proposed nanosystem for efficacious breast cancer therapy. In summary, these findings suggest that the developed NPY-targeted NBs could have a broad application prospect in ultrasound cavitation chemotherapy of Y-1 receptor-overexpressed breast cancer

Diastereoselective Synthesis of <i>C</i>‑Vinyl Glycosides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem 1,3-Acyloxy Migration/Ferrier Rearrangement

A novel gold-catalyzed <i>C</i>-glycosylation has been developed to gain access to α,(<i>Z</i>)-selective <i>C</i>-vinyl glycosides, starting from readily available glycals and propargylic carboxylate. This reaction involves a tandem intermolecular gold-catalyzed 1,3-acyloxy migration/Ferrier rearrangement with the involvement of allenic ester as the glycosyl acceptor. A wide range of substrate scope with good to excellent yields was achieved with complete diastereoselectivity