Optimisation of tidal range schemes

Marine renewable energy, including tidal renewable energy, is one of the less exploited renewable energy sources that could contribute to energy demand while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Several proposals to build tidal range structures, e.g. Swansea Bay Lagoon (SBL), have not received support from the UK government due to the high electricity costs or uncertainty about the environmental impacts. This makes the optimisation of such schemes particularly important for the future. The aim of this research was to optimise the design and operational characteristics of Tidal Range Schemes (TRSs) to make them more economically attractive by maximising the energy generation, or a flexible energy output to achieve multi-objectives. The study has focused on two key issues of TRSs optimisation. Firstly, the majority of studies before adopted the traditional non-flexible operation scenarios for electricity generation. In this approach, the operation heads were fixed throughout the operation simulations. It ignores the variability of tidal range over time and the fact that the operation of each generation phase affects the water levels inside the basin which in turn impact the electricity generation of the next phase. Secondly, the flexibility of energy output provided by renewable energies including tidal energy was underexploited, but it is regarded as one of the most important parts of the UK’s energy mix. Hence, the first objective was to propose and optimise flexible operation schemes to maximise energy generation. To achieve this, optimisation approaches were considered by breaking the operation into small components to optimise the operation of TRSs using a widely used 0-D modelling methodology. The optimisation outcomes were verified by a 2-D unstructured model under the same conditions. The flexibility of operation could at least increase generated electricity by 10% compared to the traditional non-flexible head operation. This increase was further improved by at least 10% when pumping was included. Meanwhile, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) method used for flexible operation optimisation was able to achieve the same amount of electricity generation compared to using a Grid Search (GS) method. However, the GA model could save approximately 50% of the computational cost, and it could be 95% in the optimisation of multiple variables, e.g. design parameter combining with flexible operation. Additionally, the optimisation using GA was used in designing of the two of the biggest lagoons proposed in the UK, namely West Somerset Lagoon and North Wales Tidal Lagoon, with the energy generation of 5.57 TWh/Year and 4.81 TWh/Year, respectively. The second objective in this study was to achieve the flexible energy output optimisation, including utilising generation flexibility from multilagoons to help match the continuous trends of energy output. The flexible operation optimisation was proved to facilitate better utilisation of renewable energy through the development of TRSs for multiobjective decision making

Hierarchical Structure with Highly Ordered Macroporous-Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks as Dual Function for CO2 Fixation.

As a major greenhouse gas, the continuous increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has caused serious environmental problems, although CO2 is also an abundant, inexpensive, and nontoxic carbon source. Here, we use metal-organic framework (MOF) with highly ordered hierarchical structure as adsorbent and catalyst for chemical fixation of CO2 at atmospheric pressure, and the CO2 can be converted to the formate in excellent yields. Meanwhile, we have successfully integrated highly ordered macroporous and mesoporous structures into MOFs, and the macro-, meso-, and microporous structures have all been presented in one framework. Based on the unique hierarchical pores, high surface area (592 m2/g), and high CO2 adsorption capacity (49.51 cm3/g), the ordered macroporous-mesoporous MOFs possess high activity for chemical fixation of CO2 (yield of 77%). These results provide a promising route of chemical CO2 fixation through MOF materials

PO-303 The Physical Health Characteristics and Its Causes Analysis of Female Dance Students

Objective Dance is an art form with the body as the carrier, the long-term systematic dance training will make a certain effect on the physical health. By comparing the physical health test results of the female college students majoring in dance with female general students’, this research will analyze the characteristics of physical health of female dance students and its influencing factors, and provide the basis of dance can promote the physical health of women, which can help dance to play a role in promoting the national physical and mental health. Methods The physical health data of female students majoring in dance in Beijing dance academy and female students majoring in liberal arts in a normal university in Beijing in 2018 were analyzed and studied. The physical test indexes include: (1) body morphology  indexes: height, weight; (2) body function indexes: vital capacity; (3) Physical Fitness indicators: reaction selection time, sit and reach, standing long jump, 50m run, 800m run, sit-ups. SPSS17.0 software was used to process the data, and independent sample T test was used to compare and analyze the data of the two groups, and P<0.05 was taken as a significant difference. Results The physical health test results of female students majoring in dance and ordinary female students are as follows:(1) BMI: The former is 19.58±1.72kg/m2; the latter is 20.43±2.86kg/m2.(2)Vital Capacity: The former is 2613.19±546.7ml; the latter is 2597.12±449.34 ml.（3）50m Run：The former is 8.94±0.952s;the latter is 9.48±0.62s; 800m Run：The former is 244.4±30.6s;the latter is 238.1±22.2s; Sit-and-Reach：The former is 28.34±4.14cm; the latter is 18.86±6.62cm; Standing Long Jump: The former is 180.04±17.79cm,the latter is 162.73±16.39cm. One Min Sit-Ups：The former is 40.52±6.5times; the latter is 29.44±8.02times.In addition to the Vital Capacity, the test results of other indicators all showed significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions (1) Compared with ordinary college students, female students majoring in dance have a lower BMI. As a physical activity, dance can stimulate bone growth; At the same time, the daily dance training increases the energy consumption of the body, besides that, dance students must limit the daily diet to control the weight to meet the special dance figure requirements.（2）The lung capacity of female students majoring in dance is slightly higher than that of ordinary students, but the difference is not significant, which indicates that the training of dance has no obvious effect on the lung capacity.（3）The strength, speed, flexibility and other physical indicators of female students majoring in dance were all significantly higher than those of ordinary students. As far as strength is concerned, lower limb ability is an important part of dance training, long-term dance training will improve the explosive power of lower limb and body coordination, so female dancers performed well in the standing long jump. Dance major students have a higher score of one-minute sit-ups, because the strength of lumbar and abdominal muscle group is also an important content of dance training, it has been improved to a certain extent after a long period of training. The complex and diverse changes in the speed and spatial position of dance movements are conducive to the improvement of the speed quality and the flexibility of the nervous system. Therefore, female students majoring in dance are relatively faster in the 50-meter running. Dance has a really high requirement for flexibility, which is also an important content of dance training. After a long-term training, the flexibility of students majoring in dance has been greatly improved, which is reflected an obvious advantages in the value of the sit-and-reach. However, female dance majors did not have an advantage in lung capacity and 800-meter running, indicating that their lung functions and endurance capacity were at a general level. In the dance training, there are more intervals during the movements and less continuous movements for a long time, which has little effect on improving the function of the aerobic metabolism system. This suggests that students majoring in dance should carry out targeted aerobic exercise to improve their endurance. To sum up, on the whole, female students majoring in dance have a relatively high level of physical health, especially with advantages in body shape, muscle strength and flexibility. It shows that the beneficial effect of long-term dance training on physical health. Therefore, how to incorporate dance into the national physical health system as an important means to promote national health, and how to take certain measures to encourage the public to actively participate in dance activities to bring the health functions of dance fully play are worthy of more attention and deeper research

Study on an eco‐design method of industrial solid waste reused products: a case study of mullite produced from fly ash

With the increasing growth of solid waste used as raw materials, it is essential to focus on eco-design of the solid waste reused products to reduce environmental impacts and ensure safe use. In this research, an eco-design and evaluation method is established for the industrial solid waste reused products, with the characteristic of the reuse technology and process of industrial solid waste. This method is established based on the existing eco-design method for general products and life cycle assessment, considering the quality problems as well as the environmental risks in heavy metal, remaining acid and alkali and so on in the recycling products. This method is employed in the fly ash reuse process of producing mullite products. The process is optimized and evaluated by the method with the steps of raw material applicability analysis, process control, products application and safety analysis of final disposition. The results indicate that the process design basically accords with the eco-design purpose of industrial solid waste reused products and it is feasible to implement. References [1] M. Ahmaruzzaman. A review on the utilization of fly ash [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2010, 36: 327-363. [2] Jesus Barragan Ferrer, Stéphane Negny, Guillermo Cortes Robles, Jean Marc Le Lann. Eco-innovative design method for process engineering [J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2012, 45: 137-151. [3] E. Sobiecka. Investigating the chemical stabilization of hazardous waste material (fly ash) encapsulated in Portland cement [J]. International journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, 10: 1219-1224. [4] James W. Levis, Morton A. Barlaz, Joseph F. DeCarolis, S. Ranji Ranjithan. A generalized multistage optimization modeling framework for life cycle assessment-based integrated solid waste management [J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2013, 50: 51-65

The Design of Nonlinear Chirp Based on the DSP Builder Technique

This paper, by analyzing the function Chirp, studies the software design and realization of the function. It offers a design plan based on the nonlinear Chirp signal of DSP Builder technique and designs the signal generator of the nonlinear Chirp based on the design flow of Matlab/Simulink/DSP Builder/Quartusll. It also conducts simulation verification using the development software Matlab/Simulink and Quartusll, proving that the design can well realize the signal source Chirp. The experiment proves that the DSP Builder technique can modify the starting frequency, bandwidth and the frequency resolution of linear frequency modulation signals by changing the programming parameters. The method is proved to be simple in designing, convenient in modification, low in cost and it doesn’t involve any programming; therefore, it is easy to realize

FedBIAD: Communication-Efficient and Accuracy-Guaranteed Federated Learning with Bayesian Inference-Based Adaptive Dropout

Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a distributed machine learning paradigm without end-user data transmission, effectively avoiding privacy leakage. Participating devices in FL are usually bandwidth-constrained, and the uplink is much slower than the downlink in wireless networks, which causes a severe uplink communication bottleneck. A prominent direction to alleviate this problem is federated dropout, which drops fractional weights of local models. However, existing federated dropout studies focus on random or ordered dropout and lack theoretical support, resulting in unguaranteed performance. In this paper, we propose Federated learning with Bayesian Inference-based Adaptive Dropout (FedBIAD), which regards weight rows of local models as probability distributions and adaptively drops partial weight rows based on importance indicators correlated with the trend of local training loss. By applying FedBIAD, each client adaptively selects a high-quality dropping pattern with accurate approximations and only transmits parameters of non-dropped weight rows to mitigate uplink costs while improving accuracy. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the convergence rate of the average generalization error of FedBIAD is minimax optimal up to a squared logarithmic factor. Extensive experiments on image classification and next-word prediction show that compared with status quo approaches, FedBIAD provides 2x uplink reduction with an accuracy increase of up to 2.41% even on non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data, which brings up to 72% decrease in training time