Table_1_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.DOCX

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Image_2_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.TIF

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Image_1_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.TIF

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Image_5_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.TIF

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Image_3_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.PNG

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Image_4_Analysis of a super-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant BA.5.2 in the outdoor night market.PNG

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, and mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 continues. The new strain has become more transmissible. The role of aerosol transmission in the pandemic deserves great attention.MethodsIn this observational study, we collected data from market customers and stallholders who had been exposed to the virus in the Qingkou night market on July 31 and were subsequently infected. We analyzed the possible infection zones of secondary cases and aerosol suspension time in ambient air. We described and analyzed the characteristics of the secondary cases and the transmission routes for customers.ResultsThe point source outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingkou night market contained a cluster of 131 secondary cases. In a less-enclosed place like the Qingkou night market, aerosols with BA.5.2 strain released by patients could suspend in ambient air up to 1 h 39 min and still be contagious.ConclusionAerosols with viruses can spread over a relatively long distance and stay in ambient air for a long time in a less enclosed space, but shorter than that under experimental conditions. Therefore, the aerosol suspension time must be considered when identifying and tracing close contact in outbreak investigations.</p

Demographic characteristics of study subjects stratified by sleep quality.

a<p>The unmarried include those who are single, divorced or widowed.</p>b<p>Comparison between groups was tested used Student’s <i>t</i>-test for the continuous variables and Pearson’s χ² test for the categorical variables.</p><p>Demographic characteristics of study subjects stratified by sleep quality.</p

Associations^a of sleep duration^b with various electromagnetic exposures.

a<p>Adjusted for age, gender, cigarette smoking, tea drinking, BMI, and work pressure.</p>b<p>Medium sleep indicates that sleep duration is between 7 and 8 hours, short sleep is less than 7 hours, and long sleep is more than 8 hours.</p>c<p>The cut points of tertiles of daily occupational exposure time (DOET) were ≤1.5 hours/day for T1, 1.5 4 hours/day for T3.</p><p>Associations^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110825#nt105" target="_blank">a</a>} of sleep duration^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110825#nt106" target="_blank">b</a>} with various electromagnetic exposures.</p

Associations of sleep quality with various electromagnetic exposures.

a<p>Adjusted for age, gender, cigarette smoking, tea drinking, BMI, and work pressure.</p>b<p>The cut points of tertiles of daily occupational exposure time (DOET) were ≤1.5 hours/day for T1, 1.5< DOET ≤4 hours/day for T2, and >4 hours/day for T3.</p><p>Associations of sleep quality with various electromagnetic exposures.</p

The associations^a of daily occupational exposure time (DOET)^b with sleep quality stratified by occupational exposure duration^c.

a<p>Adjusted for age, gender, cigarette smoking, tea drinking, BMI, and work pressure.</p>b<p>The cut points of tertiles of daily occupational exposure time (DOET) were ≤1.5 hours/day for T1, 1.5 4 hours/day for T3.</p>c<p>Short occupational exposure duration means less than or equals 23 years, while long occupational exposure duration means more than 23 years.</p><p>The associations^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110825#nt108" target="_blank">a</a>} of daily occupational exposure time (DOET)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110825#nt109" target="_blank">b</a>} with sleep quality stratified by occupational exposure duration^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110825#nt110" target="_blank">c</a>}.</p