Analysis of the Responsiveness of Latanoprost, Travoprost, Bimatoprost, and Tafluprost in the Treatment of OAG/OHT Patients

Aim. Within the clinical setting, some patients have been identified as lacking in response to PGAs. This meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and tafluprost in OAG/OHT patients, latanoprost nonresponders (LNRs), and the IOP-reducing efficacy and safety. Methods. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The primary clinical endpoint was the number of responders at the end of the study. The secondary clinical endpoint was the IOP reduction at the endpoint from baseline. Safety evaluation included five common adverse events: conjunctival hyperemia, hypertrichosis, ocular burning, ocular itching, and foreign-body sensation. Results. Eleven articles containing ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis study. The results highlighted that, in the OAG/OHT population, there was no statistically significant difference in the responsiveness of the four PGAs. Bimatoprost had a better IOP-reducing efficacy than latanoprost. There was no significant difference in the IOP-reducing efficacy of travoprost, latanoprost, and tafluprost. In LNRs, the responsiveness of bimatoprost, travoprost, and latanoprost did not show statistical differences. Bimatoprost reduced IOP with a greater extent than latanoprost and travoprost in LNRs, while there was no significant difference in the IOP-reducing efficacy of travoprost and latanoprost. No serious adverse events occurred with the treatment of the four PGAs. The prevalence of conjunctival hyperemia due to bimatoprost or tafluprost was significantly higher than that of latanoprost. Other adverse events had no significant difference between the four drugs. Conclusion. The existing studies cannot prove that latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and tafluprost have different responsiveness in OAG/OHT patients. Switching to bimatoprost or travoprost cannot achieve a significant improvement in responsiveness in LNRs. Bimatoprost has a better IOP-reducing efficacy than latanoprost and travoprost. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with any medication we studied

Morphology and microcirculation changes of the optic nerve head between simple high myopia and pathologic myopia

Abstract Purpose To investigate morphological and microcirculation changes of optic nerve head (ONH) in simple high myopia (SHM) and pathologic myopia(PM) to evaluate and identify ONH changes in the development of PM. Methods A cross-sectional clinical study was used. Medical records from 193 right eyes of 193 patients with high myopia (HM) were included. Using the Topocon swept source optical coherence tomograph (SS-OCT) and fundus camera to detect the parameters, we have assessed the relative position and size of ONH, tilt and rotation of ONH, angle α (Defined as between retinal temporal arterial vascular arcades was measured from the centre of ONH with 250 pixels’ radius), size and type of peripapillary atrophy (PPA), the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL), peripapillary choriodal thickness (PCT) and peripapillary scleral thickness (PST), and peripapillary vessel density (PVD). In addition, subjects were grouped as SHM and PM according to retinopathy, and the above parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Patients were divided into the SHM group (138 eyes) and the PM group (55 eyes). Paramters like older age, higher diopter and longer axial length (AL) of the PM were compared to SHM (t=-3.585, -8.808, -11.409, all P0.05). The angle α in PM was smaller than that in SHM (t = 2.728, P<0.01). The disc-fovea distance (DFD), the largest diameter, tilt index and ratio, PPA area and radian in PM were larger than in SHM (t=-3.962, Z=-2.525, t=-2.229, Z=-4.303, Z=-2.834, all P<0.05). The superior and inferior PRNFLs in PM were smaller than in SHM (t = 4.172, 4.263, all P<0.01). The temporoinferior PRNFL was the opposite (t=-2.421, P<0.01). The average PCT in PM (93.82 ± 29.96 μm) was smaller than in SHM (108.75 ± 30.70 μm) (P<0.05). The PVD in each direction of PM was smaller than that in SHM (t = 6.398, 4.196, 4.971, 3.267, 5.029, 5.653, 4.202, 5.146, 2.090, all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with SHM, the PM patients were older, with higher diopter. Their AL and DFD were longer, the angle α was smaller, the tilt index was more extensive, the PPA area and radian were larger, PCT was generally thinner, and PVD was lower. When the PPA area was bigger than the ONH area, this already indicated the presence of PM. Based on these results, we suggest ophthalmologists and myopia patients pay more attention to ONH’s morphology and microcirculation changes as there is a possibility that microcirculatory changes precede morphologic changes

The efficacy of XEN gel stent implantation in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Xen is a device for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, and is used to treat POAG, pseudoexfoliative or pigmentary glaucoma, as well as refractory glaucoma. The efficacy of XEN in treating glaucoma remains to be confirmed and clarified. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and associated complication of XEN implantations. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and SinoMed databases to identify studies, published before May 15, 2021, which evaluated XEN in glaucoma, and parameters for measurements included intra-ocular pressure (IOP), number of anti-glaucoma medications (NOAM), and bleb needling rate. We compared the measurements of XEN-only procedure between phaco-XEN and trabeculectomy, and we also did sub-analysis based on time points, glaucoma types, ethnics, etc. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias were conducted for evaluating bias.This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA 2020) reporting guideline. Results We identified 78 eligible studies, analysis revealed obvious IOP reduction after XEN stent implantation (SMD: 1.69, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.86, p value < 0.001) and NOAM reduction (SMD: 2.11, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.38, p value < 0.001). Sub-analysis showed no significant difference with respect to time points, ethnicities, and economic status. No significant difference was found between XEN treatment effect on POAG and PEXG eyes and between pseudo-phakic and phakic eyes. Also no significant difference was found between XEN and phaco-XEN surgery in terms of IOP after surgery (SMD: -0.01, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.08, p value 0.894). However, NOAM (after publication bias correction) and bleb needling rate (RR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.06to 1.99, p value 0.019) were lower in phaco-XEN group compared to XEN only group. Compared to trabeculectomy, XEN implantation had similar after-surgery IOP, however bleb needling rate (RR: 2.42, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.43, p value 0.004) was higher. Conclusion Our results confirmed that XEN is effective in lowering both IOP and NOAM till 48 months after surgery. It is noteworthy that XEN implantation leads to higher needling rate, compared to phaco-XEN or trabeculectomy. Further research, studying complications of XEN on non-European ethnicities, especially on Asian, are in urgent need before XEN is widely applied

Anisotropic Finite Element Modeling Based on a Harmonic Field for Patient-Specific Sclera

Purpose. This study examined the influence of anisotropic material for human sclera. Method. First, the individual geometry of patient-specific sclera was reproduced from a laser scan. Then, high quality finite element modeling of individual sclera was performed using a convenient automatic hexahedral mesh generator based on harmonic field and integrated with anisotropic material assignment function. Finally, comparison experiments were designed to investigate the effects of anisotropy on finite element modeling of sclera biomechanics. Results. The experimental results show that the presented approach can generate high quality anisotropic hexahedral mesh for patient-specific sclera. Conclusion. The anisotropy shows significant differences for stresses and strain distribution and careful consideration should be given to its use in biomechanical FE studies

Additional file 1 of The efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral laser treatment in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplementary Material

Additional file 3 of The efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral laser treatment in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplement Figure 1. Meta-analysis of mTLT comparing to CW-TSCPC in baseline IOP. A total of 113 patients treated with mTLT and 225 patients treated with CW-TSCPC was included. The baseline IOP in CW-TSCPC group was higher than that in mTLT group (WMD=-0.31, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.08). Figure 2. Meta-analysis of post- and pre-operative NOAM in mTLT at various visits. A total of 103 patients treated with mTLT was included. The IOP significantly reduced at 1-2 weeks, 3, and 6 months (WMD=-0.35, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.04; WMD=-0.51, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.11; WMD=-0.59, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.22, respectively?after mTLT treatment. Figure 3. Meta-analysis of mTLT comparing to CW-TSCPC in baseline NOAM. A total of 103 patients treated with mTLT and 215 patients treated with CW-TSCPC was included. No significant difference was observed between these two modalities of laser treatment (WMD=-0.06, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.18). Figure 4. Filled funnel plot of NOAM before and after mTLT

Additional file 2 of The efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral laser treatment in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplementary Material