Microarray-Based Oncogenic Pathway Profiling in Advanced Serous Papillary Ovarian Carcinoma

Introduction: The identification of specific targets for treatment of ovarian cancer patients remains a challenge. The objective of this study is the analysis of oncogenic pathways in ovarian cancer and their relation with clinical outcome. Methodology: A meta-analysis of 6 gene expression datasets was done for oncogenic pathway activation scores: AKT, β-Catenin, BRCA, E2F1, EGFR, ER, HER2, INFα, INFγ, MYC, p53, p63, PI3K, PR, RAS, SRC, STAT3, TNFα, and TGFβ and VEGF-A. Advanced serous papillary tumours from uniformly treated patients were selected (N = 464) to find differences independent from stage-, histology- and treatment biases. Survival and correlations with documented prognostic signatures (wound healing response signature WHR/genomic grade index GGI/invasiveness gene signature IGS) were analysed. Results: The GGI, WHR, IGS score were unexpectedly increased in chemosensitive versus chemoresistant patients. PR and RAS activation scor

Updates on phytoplasma diseases associated with sugarcane in Asia.

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Quantitative methylation profiling in tumor and matched morphologically normal tissues from breast cancer patients

Abstract Background In the present study, we determined the gene hypermethylation profiles of normal tissues adjacent to invasive breast carcinomas and investigated whether these are associated with the gene hypermethylation profiles of the corresponding primary breast tumors. Methods A quantitative methylation-specific PCR assay was used to analyze the DNA methylation status of 6 genes (DAPK, TWIST, HIN-1, RASSF1A, RARβ2 and APC) in 9 normal breast tissue samples from unaffected women and in 56 paired cancerous and normal tissue samples from breast cancer patients. Results Normal tissue adjacent to breast cancer displayed statistically significant differences to unrelated normal breast tissues regarding the aberrant methylation of the RASSF1A (P = 0.03), RARβ2 (P = 0.04) and APC (P = 0.04) genes. Although methylation ratios for all genes in normal tissues from cancer patients were significantly lower than in the cancerous tissue from the same patient (P ≤ 0.01), in general, a clear correlation was observed between methylation ratios measured in both tissue types for all genes tested (P RASSF1A. Notably, in 73% of patients, at least one gene with an identical methylation change in cancerous and normal breast tissues was observed. Conclusions Histologically normal breast tissues adjacent to breast tumors frequently exhibit methylation changes in multiple genes. These methylation changes may play a role in the earliest stages of the development of breast neoplasia.</p

Negative-U System of Carbon Vacancy in 4H-SiC

Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), energy levels of the carbon vacancy (V-C) in 4H-SiC and its negative-U properties have been determined. Combining EPR and deep-level transient spectroscopy we show that the two most common defects in as-grown 4H-SiC-the Z(1/2) lifetime-limiting defect and the EH7 deep defect-are related to the double acceptor (2 - vertical bar 0) and single donor (0 vertical bar +) levels of V-C, respectively.Funding Agencies|Swedish Energy Agency||Swedish Research Council VR/Linne Environment LiLI-NFM||Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation||Norwegian Research Council||JSPS|21226008|</p

Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Catalytic Cleavage of Lignin Model Compounds

The catalytic conversion of lignin model compounds was performed using Ru/C catalysts and an autoclave reactor. The Ru/C catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method using highly porous homemade activated carbon and characterized by XRD, SEM, and specific surface area. The catalytic reactions were performed in a high pressure/temperature reactor at different temperatures and with different solvents. The results showed that the novel Ru/C catalysts prepared from carbon supports activated by the KOH agent showed higher catalytic activity than the commercial catalyst. Ethanol and 2-propanol were suitable solvents for the cleavage of the β–O–4 ether bond of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol (~65–70% conversion) over a Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst at 220 °C in comparison to tert-butanol and 1-propanol solvents (~43–47% conversion of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol). Also, the increase in reaction temperature from 200 °C to 240 °C enhanced the cleavage of the ether bond with an increase in phenol selectivity from 9.4% to 19.5% and improved the catalytic conversion of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol from 46.6% to 98.5% over the Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst and ethanol solvent. The Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst showed outstanding conversion (98.5%) of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol at 240 °C, 1 h, ethanol solvent. This novel hierarchical porous activated carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/C-KOH-2) can be applied for the further conversion of the lignin compound

Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Catalytic Cleavage of Lignin Model Compounds

The catalytic conversion of lignin model compounds was performed using Ru/C catalysts and an autoclave reactor. The Ru/C catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method using highly porous homemade activated carbon and characterized by XRD, SEM, and specific surface area. The catalytic reactions were performed in a high pressure/temperature reactor at different temperatures and with different solvents. The results showed that the novel Ru/C catalysts prepared from carbon supports activated by the KOH agent showed higher catalytic activity than the commercial catalyst. Ethanol and 2-propanol were suitable solvents for the cleavage of the &beta;&ndash;O&ndash;4 ether bond of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol (~65&ndash;70% conversion) over a Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst at 220 &deg;C in comparison to tert-butanol and 1-propanol solvents (~43&ndash;47% conversion of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol). Also, the increase in reaction temperature from 200 &deg;C to 240 &deg;C enhanced the cleavage of the ether bond with an increase in phenol selectivity from 9.4% to 19.5% and improved the catalytic conversion of 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl ethanol from 46.6% to 98.5% over the Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst and ethanol solvent. The Ru/C-KOH-2 catalyst showed outstanding conversion (98.5%) of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol at 240 &deg;C, 1 h, ethanol solvent. This novel hierarchical porous activated carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/C-KOH-2) can be applied for the further conversion of the lignin compound