John Considine (Editor). The Cambridge World History of Lexicography

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STUDY ON GYMNASTICS RING MOVEMENTS USING FORCE MEASURING SYSTEM

The purpose of this paper was to analyze five giant-swing phases performed on the rings using force-measuring system, which was synchronized with EMG and film. The results showed similar patterns in pulling force, shoulder angle, hip angle, hip velocity and ankle velocity when performing the movements of backward swing phase, dropped shoulder, giant-swing, and upward swing phase. The pulling-force changed from smaller than the body weight to greater than the body weight in the process of the backward swing. The first peak of pulling force occurred as shoulder drop phase ends. The second peak of pulling force occurred in the backward swing phase. The pulling force decreased gradually in the process of the upward swing

Annotated draft genome sequence of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis

Apple scab is one of the most economically important diseases of ap- ples worldwide. The disease is caused by the haploid ascomycete Venturia inaequalis. We present here an annotated V. inaequalis whole-genome sequence of 72 Mb, assembled into 238 contigs, with 13,761 predicted genes

Optically levitated gyroscopes with a MHz rotating micro-rotor

The optically levitated particles have been driven to rotate at an ultra-high speed of GHz, and the gyroscopic application of these levitated particles to measure angular motion have long been explored. However, this gyroscope has not been proven either theoretically or experimentally. Here, a rotor gyroscope based on optically levitated high-speed rotating particles is proposed. In vacuum, an ellipsoidal vaterite particle with 3.58 $\mu$m average diameter is driven to rotate at MHz, and the optical axis orientation of the particle is measured by the particle rotational signal. The external inputted angular velocity makes the optical axis deviate from the initial position, which changes the frequency and amplitude of the rotational signal. The inputted angular velocity is hence detected by the rotational signal, and the angular rate bias instability of the prototype is measured to be $0.08^o/s$. It is the smallest rotor gyroscope in the world, and the bias instability can be further improved up to $10^{-9o}/h$ theoretically by cooling the motion and increasing the angular moment of the levitated particle. Our work opens a new application paradigm of the levitated optomechanical systems and possibly bring the rotor gyroscope to the quantum realm

Modeling Output-Level Task Relatedness in Multi-Task Learning with Feedback Mechanism

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a paradigm that simultaneously learns multiple tasks by sharing information at different levels, enhancing the performance of each individual task. While previous research has primarily focused on feature-level or parameter-level task relatedness, and proposed various model architectures and learning algorithms to improve learning performance, we aim to explore output-level task relatedness. This approach introduces a posteriori information into the model, considering that different tasks may produce correlated outputs with mutual influences. We achieve this by incorporating a feedback mechanism into MTL models, where the output of one task serves as a hidden feature for another task, thereby transforming a static MTL model into a dynamic one. To ensure the training process converges, we introduce a convergence loss that measures the trend of a task's outputs during each iteration. Additionally, we propose a Gumbel gating mechanism to determine the optimal projection of feedback signals. We validate the effectiveness of our method and evaluate its performance through experiments conducted on several baseline models in spoken language understanding.Comment: submitted to CDC202

The Regulatory Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Different Brain Cell Types Involved in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke results in high morbidity and high mortality worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for 80% to 85%. As effective treatments for ischemic stroke remain limited because of the narrow therapeutic time window, a better understanding of the pathologic mechanism and new therapeutic intervention targets are needed. Due to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies and the genome-wide analysis of eukaryotic transcriptomes, a large amount of evidence to date demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in gene regulation and in ischemic stroke. In recent years, many studies have been focused on the clinical significance of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke, and data shows that the pathological processes underlying ischemic stroke are driven by interactions among different brain cell types, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, which actively participate in the mechanisms of tissue injury and repair. In this mini review article, we provide an overview of the characteristics and underlying regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs relevant to different brain cell types during the course of ischemic stroke. Moreover, we reveal the roles of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and treatment targets in ischemic stroke