Synthesis of Indolo[2,1‑<i>a</i>]isoquinolines by Nickel-Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck/Amination Cascade Reaction

An efficient Mizoroki–Heck/amination cascade reaction of o-dihaloarenes with cyclic imines was realized by combining nickel and a sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. This protocol provides access to a variety of indole[2,1-a]isoquinolines from readily available starting materials. This cascade approach could be applied to produce straightforward synthesis of the natural product cryptowoline

3-Dimensional Dynamic Quantitative Analysis System of Facial Motion.

<p>3-Dimensional Dynamic Quantitative Analysis System of Facial Motion.</p

Capillary-Driven Boiling Heat Transfer on Superwetting Microgrooves

Boiling can transfer a vast amount of heat and thereby is widely used for cooling advanced systems with high power density. However, the capillary force of most existing wicks is insufficient to surpass the liquid replenishing resistance for high-efficient boiling. Herein, we report a new microgroove wick on high-conductive copper substrates that was constructed via ultraviolet nanosecond pulsed laser milling. The phase explosion, combined with melting and resolidification effects of laser milling induces dense microcavities with sizes around several micrometers on the microgroove surface. The hierarchical microstructures significantly improve the wettability of the microgroove wicks to obtain strong capillary and meanwhile provide abundant effective nucleation sites. The boiling heat transfer in a visualized flat heat pipe shows that the new wicks enable sustainable liquid replenishing even under antigravity conditions, thus resulting in maximum 33-fold improvement of equivalent thermal conductivity when compared with the copper base. This research provides both scientific and technical bases for the design and manufacture of high-performance phase change cooling devices

Standardized facial expressions.

<p>Standardized facial expressions.</p

A, online reconstruction; B, offline reconstruction.

<p>A, online reconstruction; B, offline reconstruction.</p

Static measurement <i>ICC</i>.

<p>X =  X axis, Z =  Z axis, ∠ = angle.</p><p>Static measurement <i>ICC</i>.</p

Reference planes.

<p>Reference planes.</p

Observational points on face.

<p>A/a tragus parallel to the upper wall of external acoustic canal, B/b central position above the eyebrow, C/c center of the upper eyelid, D/d center of the lower eyelid, E/e angulus oculi temporalis, F/f angulus oculi medialis, G/g ala of the nose, H/h corner of the mouth, I root of the columella nasi, J center of eyebrows, K bony–cartilaginous junction along the nasal dorsum, II philtrum, III center of the lower lip.</p

Specialized helmet.

<p>Specialized helmet.</p

Additional file 7 of Physcomitrium patens CAD1 has distinct roles in growth and resistance to biotic stress

Supplementary Material