MOESM1 of Salivary peptidome profiling for diagnosis of severe early childhood caries

Additional file 1. Detailed information of the participants and differentially expressed peptide peaks before and after caries treatment

Multifunctional Photosensitizer Grafted on Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethylenimine Dual-Functionalized Nanographene Oxide for Cancer-Targeted Near-Infrared Imaging and Synergistic Phototherapy

The integration of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photothermal therapy (PTT) offers improved efficacy in cancer phototherapy. Herein, a PDT photosensitizer (IR-808) with cancer-targeting ability and near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity was chemically conjugated to both polyethylene glycol (PEG)- and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)-functionalized nanographene oxide (NGO). Because the optimal laser wavelength (808 nm) of NGO for PTT is consistent with that of IR-808 for PDT, the IR-808-conjugated NGO sheets (NGO-808, 20–50 nm) generated both large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia as a result of 808 nm laser irradiation. With PEG- and BPEI-modified NGO as the carrier, the tumor cellular uptake of NGO-808 exhibited higher efficacy than that of strongly hydrophobic free IR-808. Through evaluation with both human and mouse cancer cells, NGO-808 was demonstrated to provide significantly enhanced PDT and PTT effects compared to individual PDT using IR-808 or PTT using NGO. Furthermore, NGO-808 preferentially accumulated in cancer cells as mediated by organic-anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) overexpressed in many cancer cells, providing the potential for highly specific cancer phototherapy. Using the targeting ability of NGO-808, <i>in vivo</i> NIR fluorescence imaging enabled tumors and their margins to be clearly visualized at 48 h after intravenous injection, providing a theranostic platform for imaging-guided cancer phototherapy. Remarkably, after a single injection of NGO-808 and 808 nm laser irradiation for 5 min, the tumors in two tumor xenograft models were ablated completely, and no tumor recurrence was observed. After treatment with NGO-808, no obvious toxicity was detected in comparison to control groups. Thus, high-performance cancer phototherapy with minimal side effects was afforded from synergistic PDT/PTT treatment and cancer-targeted accumulation of NGO-808

Data_Sheet_1_Pathogenic ecological characteristics of PCV2 in large-scale pig farms in China affected by African swine fever in the surroundings from 2018 to 2021.zip

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been identified as the causal agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), an economically important multifactorial disease of the swine industry worldwide. This research designed a dual nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method to simultaneously monitor porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and PCV3. The limit of detection (LoD) of sensitivity for PCV2 and PCV3 was ten copies/mL for both viruses. There was no cross-reaction with any other porcine pathogens tested and no non-specific amplification. The coincidence and repetition rates were both 100%. Through the systematic and clinical sampling, 15,130 samples collected from 30 large-scale pig farms in eight provinces in China (including Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Heilongjiang) were subjected to early warning surveillance and/or clinical diagnosis. These results revealed that the overall positive rates of PCV3 and PCV2 were 0 and 28.29%, respectively, with the lowest level recorded in Jiangxi province. The highest carrying rate was observed in Hainan province. Pigs at different ages displayed varying carrying rates for PCV: fattening pigs and gilts had the highest and the lowest carrying rates for PCV, respectively. In addition, the excretion rates for PCV of colostrum, semen, and nasal, anal, and vulval swabs were tested. The colostrum, anal swabs, and semen had higher excretion rates for PCV; these were followed by the vulval and nasal swabs that had excretion rates for PCV. Furthermore, a high blood virus-carrying rate was detected in moribund pigs, especially in pigs with fever and red skin. As to the virus-carrying rate in the pig organs received from clinical necropsy, the highest rate was found in placental tissue, followed by the kidneys, and the virus also was detected in lymphoid organs, liver, stomach, and intestines. The PCV2-positive samples were sequenced to reveal the molecular epidemic dynamics of PCV2. The results indicated four major branches, namely, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, and PCV2d, concerning PCV2 molecular epidemiology in China, with PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d dominating. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study elucidated the molecular epidemiology, transmission, and positive blood samples of PCV and provided new ideas for developing comprehensive PCV control technologies to begin eliminating the disease caused by PCV by cleaning pig farms.</p

An Orthogonal Array Optimization of Lipid-like Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery in Vivo

Systemic delivery of mRNA-based therapeutics remains a challenging issue for preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we describe new lipid-like nanoparticles (TT-LLNs) developed through an orthogonal array design, which demonstrates improved delivery efficiency of mRNA encoding luciferase in vitro by over 350-fold with significantly reduced experimental workload. One optimized <b>TT3</b> LLN, termed <b>O-TT3</b> LLNs, was able to restore the human factor IX (hFIX) level to normal physiological values in FIX-knockout mice. Consequently, these mRNA based nanomaterials merit further development for therapeutic applications

Supplemental Material for Kong et al., 2018

File S1 contains genotypes for the bin map. File S2 contains genotypes for the original map. File S3 contains the genomic positional information for bin markers. File S4 and S5 contain phenotypes from 2011 and 2012 respectively. Supplemental tables are included in the docx