Research Progress and Trend of Plasma Metallurgy on Titanium Metallic Surface

By using vacuum plasma surface metallurgy technology, Chinese scientists have carried out comprehensive research on improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and flame retardancy of titanium metal. In this paper, the latest research results of alloy layer formation on titanium surface by plasma metallurgy technology and the development trend of plasma metallurgy technology on titanium surface are summarized

Design and Tailoring of the 3D Macroporous Hydrous RuO₂ Hierarchical Architectures with a Hard-Template Method for High-Performance Supercapacitors

In this work, RuO₂ honeycomb networks (RHCs) and hollow spherical structures (RHSs) were rationally designed and synthesized with modified-SiO₂ as a sacrificial template via two hydrothermal approaches. At a high current density of 20 A g^–1, the two hierarchical porous RuO₂·<i>x</i>H₂O frameworks showed the specific capacitance as high as 628 and 597 F g^–1; this is about 80% and 75% of the capacitance retention of 0.5 A g^–1 for RHCs and RHSs, respectively. Even after 4000 cycles at 5 A g^–1, the RHCs and RHSs can still remain at 86% and 91% of their initial specific capacitances, respectively. These two hierarchical frameworks have a well-defined pathway that benefits for the transmission/diffusion of electrolyte and surface redox reactions. As a result, they exhibit good supercapacitor performance in both acid (H₂SO₄) and alkaline (KOH) electrolytes. As compared to RuO₂ bulk structure and similar RuO₂ counterpart reported in pseudocapacitors, the two hierarchical porous RuO₂·<i>x</i>H₂O frameworks have better energy storage capabilities, high-rate performance, and excellent cycling stability