Role of adiponectin in the pathology of early-stage coronary heart disease in Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Purpose: To investigate the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: Serum ADpN levels were measured every 3 months in T2DM patients in early stage of heart disease who were followed up for 5 years. Adiponectin (ADpN) was measured using a turbidimetric immunoassay method. At the same time, ADpN was measured every 3 months for up to 5 years in T2DM patients with no sign of heart diseases (control). Hazard ratios (HR) for analysis of progression free survival outcomes were assessed using appropriate statistical tools.Results: At baseline, ADpN levels in male and female patients were similar (p < 0.05). However, male and female T2DM patients who developed heart disease had history of uncontrolled diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Patients (males and females) who had significantly lower levels of HDL developed heart disease (p < 0.05). The hazard ratio (HR) for low ADpN was favorable in male and female patients with early heart disease who experienced heart disease after baseline demography covariates such as age, BMI and gender.Conclusion: These results suggest that low ADpN level is a significant independent potential risk factor for CHD in Chinese T2DM patients with early stage of cardiac disease who were taking biguanide- and thiazolidinedione-based drugs. Intervention strategies that raise ADpN levels > 7.0 μg/ml could be helpful in preventing CHD in these T2DM patients

The mechanism of inhibiting swelling deformation and slope instability of expansive soils by replacement method

Za padine od ekspanzivnih tala, zamjena glinom koja ne nabrekne je uvijek najučinkovitija mjera. Ipak, još uvijek postoje neriješeni problemi u načinu zamjene, uključujući kako odrediti optimalnu debljinu zamjene i da li dolazi do nestabilnosti padina ekspanzivnih tala. U ovom je radu primijenjen "Stress Path Triaxial Testing System" (GDS) za istraživanje troosnog omjera izdizanja. Predložen je troosni model omjera izdizanja za ekspanzivna tla i taj je model razvijen u ABAQUSu. Nanesena je zamjenska glina različite debljine pri ispitivanju padina sastavljenih od čvrstog, srednjeg i slabog ekspanzivnog tla. Provedena je i analiza osjetljivosti primjenom metode konačnih elemenata. Za padinu od čvrstog ekspanzivnog tla s prirodnim sadržajem vlage od 27,5 % faktor sigurnosti bez zamjene glinom bio je 0,73. Faktor sigurnosti bio je 0,85; 1,08 i 1,33 uz odgovarajuću debljinu zamjene od 1 m, 2 m i 3 m. Rezultati su potvrdili da se metodom zamjene može ne samo spriječiti izdizanje ekspanzivnih tala već se može i odgovarajuće poboljšati stabilnost padine. Uz to, različitim debljinama zamjene mogu se postići različiti omjeri povećanja faktora sigurnosti padine. Rastući omjer se nelinearno promijenio. Konačno, pokazan je mehanički mehanizam učinaka smanjenja metodom zamjene na nestabilnost padine od ekspanzivnog tla. Rezultati istraživanja mogu pružiti teoretsku osnovu za praktično inženjerstvo u tretiranju opasnosti od izdizanja kod padina od ekspanzivnog tla.For expansive soils slope, replacement with non-swelling clay is always the most vital treatment measure. However, there are still many unsolved problems in the replacement method, including how to determine the optimal replacement thickness, and whether there was inhibition effect on slope instability of expansive soils. In this study, a "Stress Path Triaxial Testing System" (GDS) has been applied for exploring triaxial swelling rate. It proposed a triaxial swelling rate model for expansive soils, and this model was secondary developed and embedded in ABAQUS. Different thicknesses of replacement clay have been applied in treating slopes composed by strong, medium and weak expansive soil respectively. Sensitivity analysis also has been carried out with finite element method. For the strong expansive soil slope with natural moisture content 27,5 %, the safety coefficient without clay replacement was 0,73. The safety coefficient was 0,85; 1,08 and 1,33 with the replacement thickness of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m, respectively. The results validated that the replacement method could not only effectively inhibit the swelling of expansive soils, but also correspondingly improve the slope stability. In addition, the different replacement thicknesses could bring varied increasing rate of slope safety coefficient. The increasing rate was nonlinearly changed. Finally, it demonstrated the mechanical mechanism of inhibiting effects from existing replacement method on slope instability of expansive soils. The research results are able to provide theoretical basis for practical engineering. It could be conductive to treating swelling danger from expansive soil slope

catena-Poly[[aqua­(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine-κ2 N 4,N 5)iron(II)]-μ-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 N 1,O 2:O 3]

In the title compound, [Fe(C6H2N2O4)(C18H10N4)(H2O)]n, the FeII ion adopts a slightly distorted octahedral mer-FeN3O3 geometry, arising from one N,N′-bidentate dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine ligand, one N,O-chelating pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ate dianion and one water mol­ecule. An O-bonded symmetry-related dianion completes the coordination of the metal. The bridging dianion results in a one-dimensional polymeric chain. Aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions between ligands [centroid–centroid separations = 3.528 (2) and 3.741 (2) Å] and O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the chains together, leading to a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

catena-Poly[[aqua­(pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline-κ2 N 8,N 9)cobalt(II)]-μ-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 N 1 O 2:O 3]

In the title compound, [Co(C6H2N2O4)(C14H8N4)(H2O)]n, the Co atom is bonded to one N,N′-bidentate pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (Pyphen) ligand, one N,O-bidentate pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ate (PZDC) dianion and one water mol­ecule in a distorted octa­hedral mer-CoN3O3 geometry. The CoII atoms are bridged by the PZDC dianions, forming an infinite one-dimensional chain running along the b axis. Adjacent chains pack together through π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.498 (4) and 3.528 (4) Å], and O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the water mol­ecule complete the structure

Tungsten Disulphide Based All Fiber Q-Switching Cylindrical-Vector Beam Generation

We proposed and demonstrated an all fiber passively Q-switching laser to generate cylindrical-vectorbeam, a two dimensional material,tungsten disulphide (WS2), was adopted as a saturable absorber inside the laser cavity, while a few-mode fiber Bragg grating was used as a transverse mode-selective output coupler. The repetition rate of the Q-switching output pulses can be varied from 80 kHz to 120 kHz with a shortest duration of 958 ns. Attributed to the high damage threshold and polarization insensitivity of the WS2 based saturable absorber, the radially polarized beam and azimuthally polarized beam can be easily generated in the Q-switchingfiber laser