By-example Synthesis of Compactly Stored Textures

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel by-example texture synthesis algorithm. Unlike most present algorithms whose synthesized textures of different sizes must be stored in memory until rendering, our results are compactly stored as paths of the generative graphs. This is achieved by adapting the graph-based synthesis framework to be suitable for arbitrary types of textures. Two synthesis processes are carried out successively to grow the texture strip by strip to the desired horizontal and vertical dimensions, each of which is cast as a constrained shortest path problem that can be solved efficiently by our proposed algorithm. The strips are formed by consecutive cuts which are precomputed in the preprocessing step, and are selected with a redesigned mechanism accounting for both global and local matching errors. The variances make the graph-based synthesis framework also applicable to a wide variety of textures besides architectural textures, and the synthesis quality for them is greatly improved

Modification of PEDOT: PSS to enhance device efficiency and stability of the Quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) is a hole transport layer (HTL) that is often employed in a diverse array of optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite solar cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). By simply doping lithium fluoride (LiF) into PEDOT: PSS, we demonstrate that the electrical characteristics of the HTL can be modified. Especially in quasi-2D perovskite LEDs, the crystallization process is regulated by LiF modification, leading to reduced phase impurity defects and improved carrier transport in the perovskite emission layer. Therefore, the luminance and efficiency of the quasi-2D PeLEDs are notably enhanced. The optimized PeLED with LiF modification exhibits a peak luminance of 21517 cd m−2 with 317% higher than the standard PeLED; and a high current efficiency of 39.8 cd A−1 with 237% higher than the standard PeLED. Moreover, the device stability is also improved with a nearly doubled half lifetime due to the reduced phase impurities. The work demonstrates a facile yet effective method for altering PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer, emphasizing the critical role of the underneath layer in the crystallization of quasi-2D perovskites

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models

Although molecular hydrogen can alleviate herbicide paraquat and Fusarium mycotoxins toxicity in plants and animals, whether or how molecular hydrogen influences pesticide residues in plants is not clear. Here, pot experiments in greenhouse revealed that degradation of carbendazim (a benzimidazole pesticide) in leaves could be positively stimulated by molecular hydrogen, either exogenously applied or with genetic manipulation. Pharmacological and genetic increased hydrogen gas could increase glutathione metabolism and thereafter carbendazim degradation, both of which were abolished by the removal of endogenous glutathione with its synthetic inhibitor, in both tomato and in transgenic Arabidopsis when overexpressing the hydrogenase 1 gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Importantly, the antifungal effect of carbendazim in tomato plants was not obviously altered regardless of molecular hydrogen addition. The contribution of glutathione-related detoxification mechanism achieved by molecular hydrogen was confirmed. Our results might not only illustrate a previously undescribed function of molecular hydrogen in plants, but also provide an environmental-friendly approach for the effective elimination or reduction of pesticides residues in crops when grown in pesticides-overused environmental conditions

Xe-CT and transcranial doppler in symptomatic vasospasm subarachnoid hemorrhage patients under euvolemic treatment without sedation

Background : Delayed cerebral ischemia from cerebral arterial vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of the cerebral arterial vasospasm and institution of appropriate treatment can reduce the consequences. Aim : We investigated the association of transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Xe-CT with the characteristics of symptomatic vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients who underwent euvolemic treatment without sedation. Materials and Methods : Data collected prospectively in patients with aSAH admitted to a neurocritical care unit in a regional hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Out of the 98 consecutive patients with aSAH, 30 patients underwent paired Xe-CT (not sedated) and TCD studies. Correlation between cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories was analyzed. The lowest cortical regional CBF and MCA velocity were compared between patients with and without symptomatic vasospasm. Results : Symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 12 patients. No correlation was found between CBF and mean blood flow velocity of the MCA territory. The differences between MCA velocity and lowest cortical CBF in patients with symptomatic vasospasm were significantly different from patients without symptoms. Conclusion : TCD does not help to predict regional CBF in the MCA territory in patients with aSAH on euvolemic treatment

Reliability Assessment of Power Systems with Photovoltaic Power Stations Based on Intelligent State Space Reduction and Pseudo-Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation

As the number and capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power stations increase, it is of great significance to evaluate the PV-connected power systems in an effective, reasonable, and quick way. In order to overcome the challenge of PV’s time-sequential characteristic and improve upon the computational efficiency, this paper presents a new methodology to evaluate the reliability of the power system with photovoltaic power stations, which combines intelligent state space reduction and a pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation (PMCS). First, a non-aggregate Markov model of photovoltaic output is established, which effectively retains some time-sequential representation of the PV output. Then, the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is introduced into the sampling stage of PMCS to carry out an intelligent state space reduction (ISSR). By using the DE algorithm, success states are searched out and removed, thus the state space is reduced and formed with a high density of loss-of-load. Hence, unnecessary samplings are avoided, which optimizes the PMCS sampling mechanism and improves the computational efficiency. Finally, the proposed method is tested in the modified IEEE RTS-79 system. The results indicate that this new method has a better computational efficiency than the time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method (TMCS) and pure PMCS. In addition, the effectiveness and feasibility of this method are also verified

Significance of three reservoir profiles for the risk exploration in Ordos Basin

The Ordos Basin went through six main stages of geological evolution, developed three sets of soure rocks, two unconformities, several sets of reservoirs and caprocks, and had three typical petroleum systems, i.e. Lower Paleozoic Ordovician gas reservoirs, Upper Paleozoic Carboniferous-Permian gas reservoirs, and Mesozoic Triassic-Jurassic oil reservoirs. Three well-tie profiles of oil and gas reservoirs in the basin are analyzed, which are the Wuzhong-Mizhi profile, Guyuan-Yichuan profile, and Baotou-Chengcheng profile. The size and distribution of the oil and gas reservoirs are controlled by the spatial distribution of soure rocks. Mesozoic oil reservoirs are located inside or near hydrocarbon depressions, where oil and gas had a short secondary migration distance. Paleozoic gas in the basin, after having a large-scale short migration in the range of source rocks, eventually gathered in the effective traps of the Ordovician weathering crust, and in the low permeability effective sand traps inside or near Carboniferous-Permian source rocks. The future risk exploration targets are: (1) for Mesozoic oil exploration, it will extend northward and explore unconventional reservoirs in source rocks; (2) for Upper Paleozoic gas exploration, it will extend southward and explore marine clastic gas reserviors; (3) for Lower Paleozoic gas exploration, it will search for lithologic-structural traps of carbonate weathering crust in the north-central and southeastern Yishan slope and those of carbonate reef flat. Key words: Ordos Basin, reservoir profile, petroleum system, risk exploratio

Cross-Language End-to-End Speech Recognition Research Based on Transfer Learning for the Low-Resource Tujia Language

To rescue and preserve an endangered language, this paper studied an end-to-end speech recognition model based on sample transfer learning for the low-resource Tujia language. From the perspective of the Tujia language international phonetic alphabet (IPA) label layer, using Chinese corpus as an extension of the Tujia language can effectively solve the problem of an insufficient corpus in the Tujia language, constructing a cross-language corpus and an IPA dictionary that is unified between the Chinese and Tujia languages. The convolutional neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network were used to extract the cross-language acoustic features and train shared hidden layer weights for the Tujia language and Chinese phonetic corpus. In addition, the automatic speech recognition function of the Tujia language was realized using the end-to-end method that consists of symmetric encoding and decoding. Furthermore, transfer learning was used to establish the model of the cross-language end-to-end Tujia language recognition system. The experimental results showed that the recognition error rate of the proposed model is 46.19%, which is 2.11% lower than the that of the model that only used the Tujia language data for training. Therefore, this approach is feasible and effective

Drought Sensitivity of the Carbon Isotope Composition of Leaf Dark-Respired CO2 in C3 (Leymus chinensis) and C4 (Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) Grasses in Northeast China

Whether photosynthetic pathway differences exist in the amplitude of nighttime variations in the carbon isotope composition of leaf dark-respired CO2 (δ13Cl) and respiratory apparent isotope fractionation relative to biomass (ΔR,biomass) in response to drought stress is unclear. These differences, if present, would be important for the partitioning of C3-C4 mixed ecosystem C fluxes. We measured δ13Cl, the δ13C of biomass and of potential respiratory substrates and leaf gas exchange in one C3 (Leymus chinensis) and two C4 (Chloris virgata and Hemarthria altissima) grasses during a manipulated drought period. For all studied grasses, δ13Cl decreased from 21:00 to 03:00 h. The magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl decreased with increasing drought stress. The δ13Cl values were correlated with the δ13C of respiratory substrates, whereas the magnitude of the nighttime shift in δ13Cl strongly depended on the daytime carbon assimilation rate and the range of nighttime variations in the respiratory substrate content. The ΔR,biomass in the C3 and C4 grasses varied in opposite directions with the intensification of the drought stress. The contribution of C4 plant-associated carbon flux is likely to be overestimated if carbon isotope signatures are used for the partitioning of ecosystem carbon exchange and the δ13C of biomass is used as a substitute for leaf dark-respired CO2. The detected drought sensitivities in δ13Cl and differences in respiratory apparent isotope fractionation between C3 and C4 grasses have marked implications for isotope partitioning studies at the ecosystem level