Distributed cooperative control for economic operation of multiple plug‐in electric vehicle parking decks

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138231/1/etep2348.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138231/2/etep2348_am.pd

Distance‐oriented hierarchical control and ecological driving strategy for HEVs

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163948/1/els2bf00154.pd

The control strength quantification analysis of outer pendulum rod for double inverted pendulum

Due to the complexity of the dynamics characteristics of an inverted pendulum, and the problem that the linearization analyze method cannot satisfy the controlling requirement, a nonlinear dynamics analyze method was proposed. Through decoupling the dynamics model of a double inverted pendulum, the outer pendulum rod motion equation was derived. And then, aiming at the control strength function of outer pendulum rod, the qualitative and quantitative relationship between spatial position of pendulum rod and the control strength of outer rod, and the quantification relationship between dynamics parameters and the control strength of outer rod were separately analyzed. And the simulation verified the correctness of the analysis

Dir-MUSIC Algorithm for DOA Estimation of Partial Discharge Based on Signal Strength represented by Antenna Gain Array Manifold

Inspection robots are widely used in the field of smart grid monitoring in substations, and partial discharge (PD) is an important sign of the insulation state of equipments. PD direction of arrival (DOA) algorithms using conventional beamforming and time difference of arrival (TDOA) require large-scale antenna arrays and high computational complexity, which make them difficult to implement on inspection robots. To address this problem, a novel directional multiple signal classification (Dir-MUSIC) algorithm for PD direction finding based on signal strength is proposed, and a miniaturized directional spiral antenna circular array is designed in this paper. First, the Dir-MUSIC algorithm is derived based on the array manifold characteristics. This method uses strength intensity information rather than the TDOA information, which could reduce the computational difficulty and the requirement of array size. Second, the effects of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and array manifold error on the performance of the algorithm are discussed through simulations in detail. Then according to the positioning requirements, the antenna array and its arrangement are developed, optimized, and simulation results suggested that the algorithm has reliable direction-finding performance in the form of 6 elements. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is tested by using the designed spiral circular array in real scenarios. The experimental results show that the PD direction-finding error is 3.39{\deg}, which can meet the need for Partial discharge DOA estimation using inspection robots in substations.Comment: 8 pages,13 figures,24 reference

Generation of Human Epidermis-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-like Pluripotent Cells and their reprogramming in mouse chimeras

Stem cells can be derived from the embryo (embryonic stem cells, ESCs), from adult tissues (adult stem cells, ASCs), and by induction of fibroblasts (induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSs). Ethical problems, immunological rejection, and difficulties in obtaining human tissues limit the use of ESCs in clinical medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells are difficult to maintain in vitro and carry a greater risk of tumor formation. Furthermore, the complexity of maintenance and propagation is especially difficult in the clinic. Adult stem cells can be isolated from several adult tissues and present the possibility of self-transplantation for the clinical treatment of a variety of human diseases. Recently, several ASCs have been successfully isolated and cultured in vitro, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) , mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epidermis stem cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), islet stem cells, and germ line stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells originate mainly from bone marrow, cord blood, and placenta, but epidermis-derived MSCs have not yet been isolated. We isolated small spindle-shaped cells with strong proliferative potential during the culture of human epidermis cells and designed a medium to isolate and propagate these cells. They resembled MSCs morphologically and demonstrated pluripotency in vivo; thus, we defined these cells as human epidermis-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like pluripotent cells (hEMSCPCs). These hEMSCPCs present a possible new cell resource for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Plasma-catalytic DRM : study of LDH derived catalyst for DRM in a GAP plasma system

Abstract: Plasma is considered one of the promising technologies to solve greenhouse gas problems, as it can activate CO2 and CH4 at relatively low temperatures. Among the various types of plasmas, the gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is promising, as it has a high level of non-equilibrium and high electron density. Nevertheless, the conversion of CO2 and CH4 in the GAP reactor is limited. Therefore, combining the GAP reactor with catalysts and making use of the heat produced by the plasma to provide thermal energy to the catalyst, forming a post-plasma catalytic (PPC) system, is hypothesized to improve its performance. Therefore, in this PhD research, we investigate important aspects of the PPC concept towards the use of the heat produced by GAP plasma to heat the plasma bed, without additional energy input. Aiming at this, based on a literature study (chapter 1), Ni-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) derived catalyst with good thermal catalytic DRM performance were chosen as the catalyst material. Before applying the LDH as a support material, the rehydration property of calcined LDH in moist and liquid environment was studied as part of chapter 2. The data indicated that after high temperatures calcination (600-900 C), the obtained layered double oxides (LDOs) can rehydrate into LDH, although, the rehydrated LDH were different from the original LDH. In chapter 3, different operating conditions, such as gas flow rate, gas compositions (e.g. CH4/CO2 ratio and nitrogen dilution), and addition of H2O were studied to investigate optimal conditions for PPC DRM, identifying possible differences in temperature profiles and exhaust gas compositions that might influence the catalytic performance. Subsequently, the impact of different PPC configurations, making use of the heat and exhaust gas composition produced by the GAP plasma, is shown in Chapter 4. Experiments studying the impact of adjusting the catalyst bed distance to the post-plasma, the catalyst amount, the influence of external heating (below 250 C) and the addition of H2O are discussed. As only limited improvement in the performance was achieved, a new type of catalyst bed was designed and utilized, as described in chapter 5. This improved configuration can realize better heat and mass transfer by directly connecting to the GAP device. The performance was improved and became comparable to the traditional thermal catalytic DRM results obtained at 800 C, although obtained by a fully electrically driven plasma

Plasma-catalytic DRM : study of LDH-derived catalyst for DRM in a GAP plasma system

Plasma is considered one of the promising technologies to solve greenhouse gas problems, as it can activate CO2 and CH4 at relatively low temperatures. Among the various types of plasmas, the gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is promising, as it has a high level of non-equilibrium and high electron density. Nevertheless, the conversion of CO2 and CH4 in the GAP reactor is limited. Therefore, combining the GAP reactor with catalysts and making use of the heat produced by the plasma to provide thermal energy to the catalyst, forming a post-plasma catalytic (PPC) system, is hypothesized to improve its performance. Previous studies have been reported on the PPC system, combining catalysts with other types of gliding arc plasmas, such as two-dimensional (2D) gliding arc plasma. However, the improvement in the conversion or selectivity was limited. Adding extra heating with high temperature can be a solution for this, while this will also increase the energy cost. Therefore, in this PhD research, we investigate important aspects of the PPC concept towards the use of the heat produced by GAP plasma to heat the plasma bed, without additional energy input. Aiming at this, based on a literature study (Chapter 1), Ni-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) derived catalyst with good thermal catalytic DRM performance were chosen as the catalyst material. Before applying the LDH as a support material, the rehydration property of calcined LDH in moist and liquid environment was studied as part of Chapter 2. The data indicated that after high temperatures calcination (600-900℃), the obtained layered double oxides (LDOs) can rehydrate into LDH, although, the rehydrated LDH were different from the original LDH. In Chapter 3, different operating conditions, such as gas flow rate, gas compositions (e.g. CH4/CO2 ratio and nitrogen dilution), and addition of H2O were studied to investigate optimal conditions for PPC DRM, identifying possible differences in temperature profiles and exhaust gas compositions that might influence the catalytic performance. Subsequently, the impact of different PPC configurations, making use of the heat and exhaust gas composition produced by the GAP plasma, is shown in Chapter 4. Experiments studying the impact of adjusting the catalyst bed distance to the post-plasma, the catalyst amount, the influence of external heating (below 250℃) and the addition of H2O are discussed. As only limited improvement in the performance was achieved, a new type of catalyst bed was designed and utilized, as described in Chapter 5. This improved configuration can realize better heat and mass transfer by directly connecting to the GAP device. The performance was improved and became comparable to the traditional thermal catalytic DRM results obtained at 800℃, although obtained by a fully electrically driven plasma.In dit doctoraatsonderzoek onderzoeken we belangrijke aspecten van het post-plasma katalyse (PPC) concept naar de combinatie van Ni-gelaagde dubbele hydroxide (LDH) afgeleide katalysator en glijdende boogplasmatron (GAP) voor droge reforming van methaan (DRM). Voordat LDH als dragermateriaal werd toegepast, werd de rehydratatie-eigenschap van gecalcineerd LDH in een vochtige en vloeibare omgeving bestudeerd. Vervolgens werden optimale bedrijfsomstandigheden, zoals gasstroomsnelheid, gassamenstellingen (bijv. CH4/CO2-verhouding en stikstofverdunning) en toevoeging van H2O voor PPC DRM onderzocht, waarbij mogelijke verschillen in temperatuurprofielen en uitlaatgassamenstellingen werden geïdentificeerd die de katalytische prestaties zouden kunnen beïnvloeden. . Vervolgens wordt de impact van verschillende PPC-configuraties, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van de warmte- en uitlaatgassamenstelling geproduceerd door het GAP-plasma, bestudeerd. Omdat er slechts een beperkte verbetering in de prestaties werd bereikt, werd een nieuw type katalysatorbed ontworpen en gebruikt dat een betere warmte- en massaoverdracht kan realiseren door rechtstreeks verbinding te maken met het GAP-apparaat. De prestaties werden verbeterd en werden vergelijkbaar met de traditionele thermische katalytische DRM-resultaten verkregen bij 800℃, hoewel verkregen door een volledig elektrisch aangedreven plasma

A Surface EMG System: Local Muscle Fatigue Detection

In the last 4 decades, surface electromyography (sEMG) signal processing has been applied to detect local muscle fatigue, this non-invasive approach is suitable for detecting EMG signals generated by athletes in motion. Also, EMG could directly reveal the muscle’s performance like endurance and recruitment of motor units, which is hard to be obtained by other methods. With the sEMG system, we can research whether EMG signals can be used to measure muscle fatigue and how this relates to injury risk. This thesis aims to build a sensor node for sEMG to detect local muscle fatigue. An sEMG system is built for this purpose, and a physiological experiment is designed to collect sEMG signals from human muscle (Vastus Medialis) using the sEMG system. Both isometric and isotonic exercises are studied. The data analyzing method is calculating mean power spectrum frequency (MNF), median power spectrum frequency (MDF), and muscle fiber propagation velocity (MFPV) of the collected sEMG signals, because local muscle fatigue is related to MNF/MDF decrease and MFPV decrease. 5 groups of isometric exercise, wall-sit and 2 groups of isotonic exercise, cycling, are recorded. All the athletes are healthy males, around 25. The data analyzing result shows that MNF/MDF decrease is related to muscle fatigue, and MFPV changes similarly with MNF/MDF

A Model for Urban Environment and Resource Planning Based on Green GDP Accounting System

The urban environment and resources are currently on course that is unsustainable in the long run due to excessive human pursuit of economic goals. Thus, it is very important to develop a model to analyse the relationship between urban economic development and environmental resource protection during the process of rapid urbanisation. This paper proposed a model to identify the key factors in urban environment and resource regulation based on a green GDP accounting system, which consisted of four parts: economy, society, resource, and environment. In this model, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and a modified Pearl curve model were combined to allow for dynamic evaluation, with higher green GDP value as the planning target. The model was applied to the environmental and resource planning problem of Wuyishan City, and the results showed that energy use was a key factor that influenced the urban environment and resource development. Biodiversity and air quality were the most sensitive factors that influenced the value of green GDP in the city. According to the analysis, the urban environment and resource planning could be improved for promoting sustainable development in Wuyishan City

A Novel Wide-Band Directional MUSIC Algorithm Using the Strength Proportion

The directional multiple signal classification (Dir-MUSIC) algorithm based on the antenna gain array manifold has been proposed to find the direction of the partial discharge (PD) source in substations. However, PD signals are wideband signals and the antenna gain pattern functions are always different at different frequencies; therefore, the accuracy can be improved using a wideband Dir-MUSIC algorithm. In this paper, wideband Dir-MUSIC algorithms are discussed and a novel wideband Dir-MUSIC algorithm using the strength proportion (DirSP) is proposed. This algorithm estimates a focusing PD signal at a certain frequency using the strength proportion among different directions, and then the Dir-MUSIC algorithm can process the focusing PD signal at this frequency. In simulations, when the antenna gain functions among different frequency bins are quite different, the Dir-MUSIC algorithm loses accuracy; meanwhile, DirDP performs very well. In the experiments, we deal with six sets of samples, and the mean error and standard deviation are both smaller than 4° better than other methods