Construction of spirocarbocycles via gold-catalyzed intramolecular dearomatization of naphthols.

A highly efficient, gold-catalyzed intramolecular dearomatization reaction of naphthols via 5-endo-dig cyclization is described. This facile and direct approach furnishes spirocarbocycles in excellent yields under mild conditions

Study on the layered dusty plasma structures in the summer polar mesopause

Traditional hydrodynamic equations are adopted to build a one-dimensional theoretical model to study the effect of gravity wave on layered dusty plasma structures formation and evolution near the polar summer mesospause region associated with polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). The proposed mechanism gives consideration to the charged ice particle motion by the gravity wave modulation, making a significant contribution to the vertical transport of heavy ice particles and convergence into thin layers. And numerical results show that the pattern of the multi-layer structure depends on the ration of the initial ice particles density distribution to the vertical wavelength of the gravity waves, the ice particle size and the wind velocity caused by gravity wave. Also, the variation of ion density distribution under the influence of gravity wave has also been examined. Finally, the electron density depletions (bite-outs) layers has been simulated according to the charge conservation laws, and the results are compared to the ECT02 rocket sounding data, which agree well with the measuring

Thiamine Deficiency Causes Long-Lasting Neurobehavioral Deficits in Mice

Thiamine deficiency (TD) has detrimental effects on brain health and neurobehavioral development, and it is associated with many aging-related neurological disorders. To facilitate TD-related neuropsychological studies, we generated a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 30 days, followed by re-feeding the control diet for either one week or 16 weeks as recovery treatment. We then performed neurobehavioral tests in these two cohorts: cohort of one week post TD treatment (1 wk-PTDT) and 16 weeks post TD treatment (16 wks-PTDT). The TD mice showed no significant difference from control in any tests in the 1 wk-PTDT cohort at the age of 13–14 weeks. The tests for the 16 wks-PTDT cohort at the age of 28–29 weeks, however, demonstrated anxiety and reduced locomotion in TD animals in open field and elevated plus maze. In comparison, rotor rod and water maze revealed no differences between TD and control mice. The current findings of the differential effects of the same TD treatment on locomotion and anxiety at different ages may reflect the progressive and moderate change of TD-induced neurobehavioral effects. The study suggests that, even though the immediate neurobehavioral impact of TD is modest or negligible at a young age, the impact could develop and become severe during the aging process

He’s frequency formulation for the relativistic harmonic oscillator

AbstractIn this paper, He’s frequency formulation is used to solve the nonlinear differential equation that governs the oscillation of the relativistic oscillator. The obtained solution with high accuracy shows that He’s frequency formulation is a simple but promising method without any requirement for advanced calculus

Reconstructing black hole exteriors and interiors using entanglement and complexity

Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study how to reconstruct bulk spacetime metrics by various quantum information measures on the boundary field theories, which include entanglement entropy, mutual information, entanglement of purification, and computational complexity according to the proposals of complexity=volume 2.0 and complexity=generalized volume. We present several reconstruction methods, all of which are free of UV divergence and most of which are driven by the derivatives of the measures with respect to the boundary scales. We illustrate that the exterior and interior of a black hole can be reconstructed using the measures of spatial entanglement and time-evolved complexity, respectively. We find that these measures always probe the spacetime in a local way: reconstructing the bulk metric in different radial positions requires the information at different boundary scales. We also show that the reconstruction method using complexity=volume 2.0 proposal is the simplest and has the strongest locality.Comment: 25 pages, 18 figures, 1 tabl