A 3E Model on Energy Consumption, Environment Pollution and Economic Growth ---An Empirical Research Based on Panel Data

AbstractThe negative effects of energy consumption and pollution have restrained the Chinese economy from further rapid growth. Therefore to clarify their relationship with economic growth can lay a solid foundation for the decision-making of energy conservation and pollution reduction and ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese economy. Using panel data on the 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2008, this paper builds a 3E model of pollution, energy and production and conducts an empirical study on the interaction between pollutant emission, energy consumption and average GDP

Winding design based on the hot spot temperature rise of a ±1,100 kV HVDC converter transformer

This paper briefly introduces the world\u27s first ±1,100 kV HVDC transmission project, focusing on the winding design of a converter transformer that was constructed for the project, based on the hot spot temperature rise. The winding temperature rise was first measured during the initial design of the transformer. Then the design of the oil channel was improved and the conductors arrangement was optimized. By changing the oil flow in the line winding and the distribution of eddy-current losses at the winding end, design margin for winding hot spot temperature rise was ensured. Finally, an advanced fibre-optic temperature measurement technology was used to measure the hot spot temperature rise, ensuring the operating life of the converter transformer

Using strategic price negotiations to contain costs and expand access to medicines in China

On 28 November 2019, China’s Nation Healthcare Security Administration and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released: Notice on Including Year 2019 Negotiated Medicines in ‘National Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related Injury Insurance and Childbirth Insurance Medicine List (Category B)’. A key feature of the amendment to the list was a process of centralised strategic price negotiation with pharmaceutical companies underpinned by health technology assessment (HTA) evidence. In addition, medicines for cancers, rare diseases, chronic diseases and children’s diseases were prioritised in the price negotiations. In China, there is a nascent HTA network housed in 48 academic centres across the country and routinely called on to conduct such studies and deliver workshops and seminars. Although it draws on much guidance from HTA institutions in high-income countries (eg, UK and Australia), it differs in its independence from government and its decentralised nature. It is vital for China to continue to build capacity in the field of HTA and institutionalise it into health sector decision making to expand access to healthcare at reasonable cost and thereby achieve universal health coverage

Examining the level and distribution of catastrophic health expenditure from 2013 to 2018 : a province-level study in China

Since 2018, 96.8% of China’s population has received universal health coverage; however, changes in the general population’s level and distribution of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) remain unclear. This study aims to quantify the incidence and intensity of CHE by adopting a multistage stratified random sampling procedure that used a threshold of 25% of non-food household expenditures. We use the concentration index to measure the extent of inequality in CHE. Furthermore, logistic regression was applied to identify the socio-demographic and economic determinants of CHE, thereby revealing that the incidence and intensity of CHE increased between 2013 and 2018. A greater concentration of CHE was identified in low-income households. Our results imply that expanding the existing public health insurance benefit packages and introducing universal supplementary private insurance to more population segments is necessary

Interaction induced decay of a heteronuclear two-atom system

Two-atom systems in small traps are of fundamental interest, first of all for understanding the role of interactions in degenerate cold gases and for the creation of quantum gates in quantum information processing with single-atom traps. One of the key quantities is the inelastic relaxation (decay) time when one of the atoms or both are in a higher hyperfine state. Here we measure this quantity in a heteronuclear system of $^{87}$Rb and $^{85}$Rb in a micro optical trap and demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the presence of both fast and slow relaxation processes, depending on the choice of the initial hyperfine states. The developed experimental method allows us to single out a particular relaxation process and, in this sense, our experiment is a "superclean platform" for collisional physics studies. Our results have also implications for engineering of quantum states via controlled collisions and creation of two-qubit quantum gates.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure