112 research outputs found
Elucidation of the reinforcement mechanism of functionalized nanoparticles in silica loaded rubber compounds
[no abstract
Controllable Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Their Detection Application as Nanoprobes
High-Fidelity 3D Head Avatars Reconstruction through Spatially-Varying Expression Conditioned Neural Radiance Field
One crucial aspect of 3D head avatar reconstruction lies in the details of
facial expressions. Although recent NeRF-based photo-realistic 3D head avatar
methods achieve high-quality avatar rendering, they still encounter challenges
retaining intricate facial expression details because they overlook the
potential of specific expression variations at different spatial positions when
conditioning the radiance field. Motivated by this observation, we introduce a
novel Spatially-Varying Expression (SVE) conditioning. The SVE can be obtained
by a simple MLP-based generation network, encompassing both spatial positional
features and global expression information. Benefiting from rich and diverse
information of the SVE at different positions, the proposed SVE-conditioned
neural radiance field can deal with intricate facial expressions and achieve
realistic rendering and geometry details of high-fidelity 3D head avatars.
Additionally, to further elevate the geometric and rendering quality, we
introduce a new coarse-to-fine training strategy, including a geometry
initialization strategy at the coarse stage and an adaptive importance sampling
strategy at the fine stage. Extensive experiments indicate that our method
outperforms other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in rendering and geometry
quality on mobile phone-collected and public datasets.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Pathology Steered Stratification Network for Subtype Identification in Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous, multifactorial neurodegenerative
disorder characterized by beta-amyloid, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration.
There are no effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease at a late stage,
urging for early intervention. However, existing statistical inference
approaches of AD subtype identification ignore the pathological domain
knowledge, which could lead to ill-posed results that are sometimes
inconsistent with the essential neurological principles. Integrating systems
biology modeling with machine learning, we propose a novel pathology steered
stratification network (PSSN) that incorporates established domain knowledge in
AD pathology through a reaction-diffusion model, where we consider non-linear
interactions between major biomarkers and diffusion along brain structural
network. Trained on longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging data, the biological
model predicts long-term trajectories that capture individual progression
pattern, filling in the gaps between sparse imaging data available. A deep
predictive neural network is then built to exploit spatiotemporal dynamics,
link neurological examinations with clinical profiles, and generate subtype
assignment probability on an individual basis. We further identify an
evolutionary disease graph to quantify subtype transition probabilities through
extensive simulations. Our stratification achieves superior performance in both
inter-cluster heterogeneity and intra-cluster homogeneity of various clinical
scores. Applying our approach to enriched samples of aging populations, we
identify six subtypes spanning AD spectrum, where each subtype exhibits a
distinctive biomarker pattern that is consistent with its clinical outcome.
PSSN provides insights into pre-symptomatic diagnosis and practical guidance on
clinical treatments, which may be further generalized to other
neurodegenerative diseases
Experimental Investigation on OSB Webbed Laminated Bamboo Lumber Box Shaped Joists
A novel bamboo-wood box beam was introduced in this paper, which consisted of laminated bamboo lumber flanges and OSB webs. Four-point bending tests were conducted on composite beams to investigate the effects of shear span ratio and stiffeners on failure mode and strength. The results showed that the composite beams with shear span ratio less than two failed in web shear failure, but for the others, the beams failed in twist and delamination of OSB in flanges. The load carrying capacity of beams decreased with the increase of shear span ratio. However, the mechanical performance of beams can be improved moderately by the presence of stiffeners, and theultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness was increased by 16.5% and 13.1% respectively
Impact of human papillomavirus vaccine on cervical cancer epidemic: Evidence from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program
IntroductionSince 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been recommended for females aged 9–26 years in the United States. Aiming to evaluate the early effect of the HPV vaccine on cervical cancer, this study assessed the incidence of cervical cancer by age and histology before and after the introduction of HPV vaccination.MethodsData on cervical cancer incidence from 1975–2019 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Joinpoint regression was used to determine temporal trends over time. Future cervical cancer incidence (2015–2039) was projected using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were created to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects.ResultsFor overall cervical cancer and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), incidence rate showed decreasing trends (–0.7%, and –1.0% annually, respectively), whereas cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) incidence continuously increased (2.6% annually). The incidence trends for AC were stable in the 20–24 and 25–29-year age groups, whereas there was an increasing trend in older age groups. Similarly, the projected trend for AC in females aged 20–30 years exhibited a decline, whereas an increase was predicted in the 31–40–year age group, especially in the 35–44 year age group. The birth cohort and period effects in SCC and AC were extracted from APC models.DiscussionDuring the period of 1975–2019, the incidence of cervical AC remained almost unchanged in the age groups receiving HPV vaccines while increased in the age groups not receiving HPV vaccines. The birth cohort effects of SCC and AC of the cervix provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer
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