A proteomic approach to analyzing responses of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells to different gravitational conditions using an agravitropic mutant, pin2 and its wild type

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Root gravitropsim has been proposed to require the coordinated, redistribution of the plant signaling molecule auxin within the root meristem, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. PIN proteins are membrane transporters that mediate the efflux of auxin from cells. The PIN2 is important for the basipetal transport of auxin in roots and plays a critical role in the transmission of gravity signals perceived in the root cap to the root elongation zone. The loss of function <it>pin2 </it>mutant exhibits a gravity-insensitive root growth phenotype. By comparing the proteomes of wild type and the <it>pin2 </it>mutant root tips under different gravitational conditions, we hope to identify proteins involved in the gravity-related signal transduction.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To identify novel proteins involved in the gravity signal transduction pathway we have carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis <it>pin2 </it>mutant and wild type (WT) roots subjected to different gravitational conditions. These conditions included horizontal (H) and vertical (V) clinorotation, hypergravity (G) and the stationary control (S). Analysis of silver-stained two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels revealed 28 protein spots that showed significant expression changes in altered gravity (H or G) compared to control roots (V and S). Whereas the majority of these proteins exhibited similar expression patterns in WT and <it>pin2 </it>roots, a significant number displayed different patterns of response between WT and <it>pin2 </it>roots. The latter group included 11 protein spots in the H samples and two protein spots in the G samples that exhibited an altered expression exclusively in WT but not in <it>pin2 </it>roots. One of these proteins was identified as annexin2, which was induced in the root cap columella cells under altered gravitational conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The most interesting observation in this study is that distinctly different patterns of protein expression were found in WT and <it>pin</it>2 mutant roots subjected to altered gravity conditions. The data also demonstrate that PIN2 mutation not only affects the basipetal transport of auxin to the elongation zone, but also results in an altered expression of proteins in the root columella.</p

Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adolescents: A four-province study in China

This is an accepted manuscript of a paper published by Elsevier on 23/02/2021, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.045 The accepted manuscript of the publication may differ from the final published version.Background:: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased suicidal behaviors in adolescents and most research has been restricted to certain types of or cumulative exposure to ACEs. Few studies have examined the association between patterns of ACEs and suicidal behaviors. Objective:: To identify the contributions of type and pattern of exposure to ACEs to suicidal behaviors and their gender differences among middle school students in China. Methods:: A school-based health survey was conducted in four provinces in China between 2017 and 2018. 14 500 students aged 10–20 years completed standard questionnaires, to record details of ACEs, suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. Results:: Latent class analysis indicated four distinct patterns of ACEs exposure: high ACEs (6.3%), high abuse and neglect (21.4%), high neglect (45.5%), and low ACEs (26.8%). Logistic analyses showed that, compared with low ACEs, the high ACEs were more likely to report suicidal behaviors. No gender differences were found in the independent effects of ACEs type or pattern on suicidal behaviors, except for the emotional neglect associated with suicidal behaviors in girls than boys. Limitations:: The study was cross-sectional and used self-reported questionnaires. Thus, it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between patterns of ACEs and suicidal behaviors. Conclusion:: Our findings addressed the need for a comprehensive consideration of ACEs in preventive healthcare work to identify children exposed to the most problematic ACE patterns. The study provided the evidence of targeted intervention to preempt the emergence of suicide behavior in at-risk students in adolescents.Funding for the project was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073576 & 81773453).Published versio

Mediating Effect of Social Support in the Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Undergraduates: The Role of Only-Child Status

Previous research has found a relationship between child abuse and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, few studies have examined the role of social support underlying this association. Moreover, the influence of the only child status on the mediating effect of social support has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social support on the association between specific forms of child abuse and NSSI as well as the role of the only child status on the mediated pathways, among undergraduates. A total of 4799 participants were selected from two medical colleges in the Anhui province using stratified cluster sampling. Pearson\u27s correlation analysis was used in analyzing the relationship. Bootstrapping procedures were applied to examine the mediating effects. After adjusting for confounders, the results showed that the mediating effect of social support on the association between childhood abuse and NSSI was not significant in the total sample. However, among only children, the mediating effects of social support between overall childhood abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and NSSI were 9.65%, 14.82%, and 8.12%, respectively. Moreover, the mediating effect of social support from family and relatives was relatively higher than that from other sources. Social support had a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and NSSI among only-children. The enhancing of social support may contribute to the prevention and control of NSSI for those who were only-children in undergraduates, especially those who have experienced childhood abuse

Association of parent-child relationship quality and problematic mobile phone use with non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents

Abstract Background Non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) is a common mental health threat among adolescents. Poor parent-child relationship (PCR) and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) are risk factors for NSSI. We aimed to explore the impact of PCR quality, PMPU, and their interaction effects on NSSI among adolescents in China, as well as the sex difference. Method A survey was conducted among school students in 4 provinces in China between 2017 and 2018. The study included 14,500 valid participants. The students’ general demographic characteristics was collected, and further data on PCR quality, PMPU, and NSSI were obtained through self-rated questionnaire. Chi-square test, binomial logistic regression models, and the Andersson Excel were used for data analysis. Results The 12-month prevalence of NSSI was 27.3%. Lower PCR quality and PMPU were significantly associated with NSSI, respectively. The low PCR + yes PMPU group had the greatest association with NSSI, followed by the high PCR + yes PMPU group, low PCR + no PMPU group. Moreover, in low father-child relationship + yes PMPU group, females had a higher risk of NSSI than males; in high mother-child relationship + yes PMPU group, females had a higher risk of NSSI than males. Additive interaction analysis indicated that mother-child relationship quality and PMPU were associated with increased risks of NSSI, in the subgroup of males. Conclusions The findings underline the importance of simultaneously studying the quality of PCR and PMPU for a comprehensive understanding of NSSI behavior, and especially highlights the significance of maternal relationship quality

In Situ Clustering of Single-Atom Copper Precatalysts in a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia Reduction

When serving as a "precatalyst ", metal-organic frameworks (MOF) usually incur uncontrollable framework collapse in electrocatalysis. Herein, we report an anticollapse MOF-supported single-atom Cu precatalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NARR), which can be applied in the rechargeable ammonia energy storage (RAES) technology. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed the association of the formation of real catalytic sites with the in situ clustering of single-atom Cu during NARR. Notably, the noncollapse MOF can afford the confined space to prevent the excessive aggregation of Cu atoms, leading to uniform ultrasmall nanoclusters (ca. 4 nm). Moreover, it achieves a maximal Faradaic efficiency toward NH3 of 85.5%, a formation rate of NH3 of 66 mu mol h(-1) cm(-2), and a specific activity of 53.43 mg(NH3) h(-1) mg(Cu)(-1) in 5 mM NO3- solution. The specific activity is found to be at least 3.3 times higher than that of other reported Cu-based catalysts. Density function theory (DFT) calculation further confirms the size effect and the host-guest interaction in facilitating the NO3- activation and the reaction energy decrease. Besides, it also exhibits a high selectivity of ammonia-to-nitrate of 93.3%, displaying great potential in RAES technology

First Report of Potentially Pathogenic <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from Serotype K2 in Mollusk <i>Tegillarca granosa</i> and Genetic Diversity of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in 14 Species of Edible Aquatic Animals

Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause serious pneumonitis in humans. The bacterium is also the common causative agent of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Here we for the first time reported the genetic diversity of K. pneumoniae strains in 14 species of edible aquatic animals sampled in the summer of 2018 and 2019 in Shanghai, China. Virulence-related genes were present in the K. pneumoniae strains (n = 94), including the entB (98.9%), mrkD (85.1%), fimH (50.0%), and ybtA (14.9%) strains. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was the most prevalent (52.1%), followed by chloramphenicol (31.9%), and tetracycline (27.7%), among the strains, wherein 34.0% had MDR phenotypes. Meanwhile, most strains were tolerant to heavy metals Cu2+ (96.8%), Cr3+ (96.8%), Zn2+ (91.5%), Pb2+ (89.4%), and Hg2+ (81.9%). Remarkably, a higher abundance of the bacterium was found in bottom-dwelling aquatic animals, among which mollusk Tegillarca granosa contained K. pneumoniae 8-2-5-4 isolate from serotype K2 (ST-2026). Genome features of the potentially pathogenic isolate were characterized. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)–based genome fingerprinting classified the 94 K. pneumoniae strains into 76 ERIC genotypes with 63 singletons, demonstrating considerable genetic diversity in the strains. The findings of this study fill the gap in the risk assessment of K. pneumoniae in edible aquatic animals

Insight into Hydrogenation Selectivity of the Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia Reduction Reaction via Enhancing the Proton Transport

The electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction route (NARR) is one of the emerging routes toward green ammonia synthesis, and its conversion efficiency is controlled mainly by the hydrogenation selectivity. This study proposed a likely NARR route feasible and effective even in a neutral condition. Its high catalytic selectivity and efficiency were achieved by a switch of the sulfate solution to the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), while conditions of NO3- concentration, pH, and applied potential were maintained unchanged. Specifically, the faradaic efficiencies toward NH3 (FENH3) in Na2SO4 were as low as 9.8, 19.8, and 11.4 % versus remarkably jumping to 82.8, 90.5, and 89.5 % in PBS under -0.75, -1.0, and -1.25 V, respectively. The corresponding faradaic efficiencies toward NO2- (FENO2-), 77.0, 69.2, and 73.7 % in Na2SO4, significantly dropped to10.8, 7.4, and 4.4 % in PBS, evidencing an unexpected selectivity reversal of the nitrate reduction from NO2- to NH3. This insight was further revealed by the visualization of the pH gradient near the electrode surface during NARR and confirmed by density functional theory calculations; PBS notably facilitated the proton transport and active mitigation over the proton transfer barrier. The use of PBS resulted in a maximal partial current density toward NH3 (J(NH3)) and NH3 formation rate (r(NH3)) up to 133.5 mA cm(-2) and 1.74 x 10(-7) mol s(-1) cm(-2) in 1.0 m KNO3 at -1.25 V

Evaluation of different detector types in measurement of ATP bioluminescence compared to colony counting method for measuring bacterial burden of hospital surfaces.

The ATP bioluminescence method has been increasingly employed as a rapid, on-site detection method in nosocomial infections control. In this study, we used a paired design of monitoring methods, the colony counting method (C) and the ATP bioluminescence method, to evaluate environmental surfaces after disinfection. The ATP bioluminescence method included three detector types (B, P, and N). Every surface after disinfection was performed by combining two types of monitoring methods or detectors. There was no statistically significant difference in theATP content per surface siteamong samples from intensive care units (ICUs)and internal medicine wards using B (p = 0.435) and P (p = 0.260). According to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, with the exception of the correlation between the ATP content values detected by B and P, the correlation between the values generated by the remaining methods/detectors was weak or lacking, whereasthe differences between the detectors were statistically significant. Therefore, there are differences between the ATP bioluminescence method and the colony counting method, also between different detectors

Gender-based differences in interaction effects between childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on college students’ depression and anxiety symptoms

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use are risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. However, how the interaction between the two factors affects depression and anxiety has yet to be validated. This study aimed to investigate the independent and interaction effects of childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on depression and anxiety among college students and explored gender-based differences in these associations. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019. We collected data from 7623 students at two colleges in Hefei and Anqing cities in Anhui Province, China. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use with depression and anxiety symptoms and their interaction effects on depression and anxiety symptoms. Results Childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use were significantly associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001). Moreover, following adjustments for covariates, there was a multiplicative interaction between childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use on depression and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001). Gender-based differences were also observed in the associations. For instance, depression was more common in males and male students with childhood maltreatment were at higher risk of depression-only symptoms. Conclusion Focusing on childhood maltreatment and problematic mobile phone use could facilitate a reduction in the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms in college students. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop gender-targeted intervention strategies