Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography in Combination with Chemometric Methods to Evaluate the Holistic Quality Consistency and Predict the Antioxidant Activity of Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance Injection.

In this paper, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) fingerprints combined with quantification were successfully developed to monitor the holistic quality consistency of Ixeris sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance Injection (ISHI). ISHI is a Chinese traditional patent medicine used for its anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects. The effects of five crucial experimental variables on MEEKC were optimized by the central composite design. Under the optimized conditions, the MEEKC fingerprints of 28 ISHIs were developed. Quantitative determination of seven marker compounds was employed simultaneously, then 28 batches of samples from two manufacturers were clearly divided into two clusters by the principal component analysis. In fingerprint assessments, a systematic quantitative fingerprint method was established for the holistic quality consistency evaluation of ISHI from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, by which the qualities of 28 samples were well differentiated. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between the fingerprints and the antioxidant activities was established utilizing orthogonal projection to latent structures, which provided important medicinal efficacy information for quality control. The present study offered a powerful and holistic approach to evaluating the quality consistency of herbal medicines and their preparations

Electropherograms.

<p>CZE (A), MEKC (B), typical MEEKC chromatograms of sample solution without (C) and with (D) sodium benzoate as an internal standard (IS) under the optimized MEEKC conditions.</p

Isolation, identification and activities of natural antioxidants from Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun.

Reactive oxygen species leads to some diseases associated with oxidative stress. Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK) is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine and possesses diverse biological activities involving antioxidant properties; its main compounds phenylethanoid glycosides (PG) and flavonoids are always reported as antioxidants. In order to develop CK as a safe and activated antioxidant, our investigation was performed to validate antioxidant properties and assess which types of compounds (similar polarity or similar structure), even which compounds, played the role of antioxidants. The extracted compounds of CK were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC-DAD-ESI-Trap MS and UV for their contents and antioxidant activities. The correlations between antioxidant activities and known contents were respectively counted and a semi-quantitative experiment was designed to screen antioxidant compounds of CK with HPLC-UV. The n-butanol fraction (BF) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC), and three PG (forsythiaside B, poliumoside and acteoside) contents. BF showed the significantly best (P<0.05) activities in most assays. There were significant correlations (P<0.05) between DPPH•, ABTS(+)•, •O2(-) scavenging, Cu(2+)-chelating, anti-lipidperoxidation activities and TPC. BF also has significant antioxidant activities on CCl4-induced acute liver injury Mice and TBHP-reduced HepG2 cells. Nine PG (forsythiaside B, poliumoside, acteoside, alyssonoside, brandioside and their derivatives) and one flavone (rhamnazin) were screened out as antioxidants. BF in CK contained abundant polyphenolic, which reflected some definite antioxidant properties. The antioxidant compounds consisted at the least of nine PG and one flavone

The OPLS model for ISHIs.

<p>(A) Coefficients plot. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals based on jack-knifing; (B) VIP plot; (C) <i>Y</i> observed versus <i>Y</i> predicted plot for the calibration model; (D) <i>Y</i> observed versus <i>Y</i> predicted plot for the prediction model. Plots given by the SIMCA-P+ software (Version 13.0).</p

Experimental parameters for central composite design and the corresponding response results.

<p>Experimental parameters for central composite design and the corresponding response results.</p

Overview of the contents of seven marker compounds and the IC₅₀ values for 28 batches of ISHIs.

<p>Overview of the contents of seven marker compounds and the IC₅₀ values for 28 batches of ISHIs.</p

Overview of the experimental and predicted values for total antioxidant activity of OPLS model.

<p>Overview of the experimental and predicted values for total antioxidant activity of OPLS model.</p

Evaluation results of fingerprints by SQFM.

<p>Evaluation results of fingerprints by SQFM.</p

The quality grade criteria based on SQFM.

<p>The quality grade criteria based on SQFM.</p

Regression coefficient of the predicted quadratic polynomial model.

<p>Regression coefficient of the predicted quadratic polynomial model.</p