3 research outputs found
Paleoenvironment and Organic Characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine Source Rocks in the Erlian Basin: The Influence of Hydrothermal and Volcanic Activity on the Source Rock Quality
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the Erlian
Basin are
highly heterogeneous. It is important to assess and explain these
heterogeneities for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and the
prediction of high-quality source rock distributions. In this study,
well-logging, organic, and elemental geochemical data were comprehensively
analyzed for the source rocks of Member 4 of the Aershan Formation
(Fm) and Member 1 of the Tengger Fm in the southern Bayindulan (BNAN),
southern Wulanhua (WLHs), Anan, Aer, and southern Wuliyasitai sags
of the Erlian Basin. The variability in sedimentary environments,
sources of organic matter of the source rocks in different sags, and
the influence of hydrothermal and volcanic activity on the source
rock quality in the Erlian Basin were assessed. The results reveal
that the source rocks can be divided into four types of organic facies
(A, B, BC, and C). Organic facies A–B present hydrogen indices
(HIs) higher than 400 mg/g and are mainly composed of mudstone and
thick (average thickness >50 m) dolomitic mudstone, with biomarkers
characterized by a Pr/Ph ratio lower than 1.0, a gammacerane/C30 hopane (Gam/C30H) ratio higher than 0.2, and
a C19 tricyclic terpane/C23 tricyclic terpane
(C19/C23TT) ratio lower than 0.6. Organic facies
BC–C are composed of mudstone with an HI < 400 mg/g, with
biomarkers characterized by a Pr/Ph ratio higher than 0.8, a Gam/C30H ratio lower than 0.2, a C19/C23TT
ratio higher than 0.6, and a sterane/hopane ratio lower than 0.4.
Dolomitic mudstone belonging to organic facies A–B is mainly
developed in the BNAN, WLHs, and Anan sag and is characterized by
a fault-controlled distribution in the sag, a right-declined rare
earth element pattern, and an enrichment in the elements of Ba, Cu,
Zn, Fe, and Ni. The genesis of high HI dolomitic mudstone is associated
with hydrothermal and volcanic activity because the hydrothermal fluid
or hydrolysis of volcanic ash result in increasing input of reducing
gas and soluble nutrient ions, thus promoting the formation of anoxic
and saline Cretaceous lakes with high primary productivity
Additional file 1 of Strontium ranelate enriched Ruminococcus albus in the gut microbiome of Sprague–Dawley rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Additional file 1: Supplementary figure 1. PCA of gut metabolic profiles. Supplementary figure 2. Significantly changed species (A) and genera (B) between OVX and OVX_Sr group. Supplementary figure 3. Bone mineral density (BMD) of OVX and Sham group to validate the PMO model. Supplementary figure 4. Flow chart of the experiment. Supplementary figure 5. Comparison of animal’s weight at different time points by using Wilcoxn rank sum test. Table S1. Wilcoxon rank sum tests of gut microbes between OVX and OVX_Sr group at phylum level. Table S2. The PerMANOVA analysis of OVX and OVX_Sr group based on WUF and UUF. Table S3. The gut metabolites significantly elevated after one-month of oral SrR. Table S4. The gut metabolites significantly decreased after one-month of oral SrR. Table S5. The Spearman’s relationship between the relative abundance of R. albus and BMD
Chemically Precise Glycoengineering Improves Human Insulin
Diabetes
is a leading cause of death worldwide and results in over
3 million annual deaths. While insulin manages the disease well, many
patients fail to comply with injection schedules, and despite significant
investment, a more convenient oral formulation of insulin is still
unavailable. Studies suggest that glycosylation may stabilize peptides
for oral delivery, but the demanding production of homogeneously glycosylated
peptides has hampered transition into the clinic. We report here the
first total synthesis of homogeneously glycosylated insulin. After
characterizing a series of insulin glycoforms with systematically
varied O-glycosylation sites and structures, we demonstrate that O-mannosylation
of insulin B-chain Thr27 reduces the peptide’s susceptibility
to proteases and self-association, both critical properties for oral
dosing, while maintaining full activity. This work illustrates the
promise of glycosylation as a general mechanism for regulating peptide
activity and expanding its therapeutic use