Bis[2-(2-pyridylmethyl­eneamino)benzene­sulfonato-κ3 N,N′,O]cobalt(II) dihydrate

The title complex, [Co(C12H9N2O3S)2]·2H2O, has site symmetry 2 with the CoII cation located on a twofold rotation axis. Two tridentate 2-(2-pyridylmethyl­eneamino)benzene­sulfonate (paba) ligands chelate to the CoII cation in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The pyridine and benzene rings in the paba ligand are oriented at a dihedral angle of 42.86 (13)°. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Bis[2-(2-pyridylmethyl­eneamino)benzene­sulfonato]-κ3 N,N′,O;κ2 N,N′-copper(II)

In the mononuclear title compound, [Cu(C12H9N2O3S)2], the copper(II) salt of 2-(2-pyridylmethyl­eneamino)benzene­sulfonic acid, the CuII atom is coordinated by one O and two N atoms from a monoanion as well as by two N atoms from another monoanion in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment

Chloridotetra­kis(pyridine-4-carb­alde­hyde-κN)copper(II) chloride

In the mol­ecular structure of the title compound, [CuCl(C6H5NO)4]Cl, the CuII atom is coordinated by four N atoms of four pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde ligands and one chloride anion in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. There is also a non-coordinating Cl− anion in the crystal structure. The CuII atom and both Cl atoms are situated on fourfold rotation axes. A weak C—H⋯Cl inter­action is also present

Piperazine-2,3,5,6-tetra­one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C4H2N2O4, is located around an inversion center and the four O atoms are in the 2,3,5,6-positions of the piperazine ring. In the crystal, bifurcated N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a corrugated layer parallel to (101)

Y-STR Haplotypic Polymorphisms for the Hakka Population in West China and Its Phylogenic Comparison with Other Chinese Populations

The Hakkas, undergone a series of great migrations, are usually identified with people who speak the Hakka language or share at least same Hakka ancestry. As the largest Hakka dialect island in West China, the Dongshan region was closely linked with the great migration wave of Hakka. However, the paternal genetic profiles of Dongshan Hakka have never been revealed. In the present study, 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci included in the SureID® PathFinder Plus Kit were analyzed in 353 unrelated male individuals (171 Hakka and 182 Han) of Sichuan Province, China. By analyzing 166 different haplotypes among Dongshan Hakkas and 176 different haplotypes among Sichuan Han males, haplotype diversity (HD) of the Hakka population was calculated as 0.9997 with a discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.9708. HD and DC were 0.9996 and 0.9670 for the Sichuan Han population, respectively. Most of the Y-STR loci were highly informative in both populations except DYS645. The genetic relationships were evaluated by comparing the Hakka population with 11 other groups that are relevant to the migration routes of Hakkas. The results of the MDS plot and phylogenetic tree indicate that the Dongshan Hakka population was closely related to Han nationalities from Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian Provinces

Research on Fingerprint of Lentinan Composition by Microwave Hydrolysis-Ion Chromatography

A microwave hydrolyzation-ion chromatography method for the determination of lentinan monosaccharide composition was established.Conditions of microwave hydrolysis of polysaccharide: the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid was 3.0 mol/L.The hydrolysis temperature was 130 ℃.The hydrolysis time was 30 min.The solid-liquid ratio was 20 mg polysaccharide sample/7 mL trifluoroacetic acid solution.Polysaccharide hydrolysate was performed on an CarboPac PA-20 ion exchange column, with a mobile phase consisting of 3.75 mmol/L NaOH solution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.The detector was pulsed ampere electrochemical detector, and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Compared with the conventional hydrolyzation-PMP derivatization-liquid chromatography, the analysis time of each sample was reduced from 365 min to 65 min.Methodological study showed that the method has high accuracy, reproducibility and stability, and can be applied to the analysis of monosaccharide composition of lentinan.Through the analysis of 106 lentinan samples, an ion chromatographic fingerprint based on polysaccharide monosaccharide composition information was constructed, and 6 common characteristic peaks were determined, which were fucose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, with the similarity was above 0.95.The establishment of the fingerprint provides a more comprehensive reference for the quality control of lentinan

Fingerprint Chromatography Analysis of Lentinan by PMP-HPLC and its Relationship with Immunoactivity

A PMP-HPLC method for the determination of monosaccharide composition of Lentinan was established.Polysaccharide hydrolysates were performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer solution-ethyl alcohol (80:20 v/v) at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.The detector was ultraviolet detector (245 nm), and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Methodological studies showed that this method had high accuracy, reproducibility and stability, a good linear relationship in a certain concentration range (R2≥0.998 5) and a high sample recovery (80.6%～91.4%,RSD≤5%), so it could be applied to the analysis of monosaccharide composition of Lentinan.Through the analysis of 81 Lentinan samples, a PMP-HPLC fingerprint based on polysaccharide monosaccharide composition was constructed, and seven common characteristic peaks were identified, including fucose,glucosamine, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, with the similarity above 0.94.In addition, partial least squares regression (PLS) was used to analyze the correlation of Lentinan monosaccharide composition and the survival rate of RAW264.7 cells.The results showed that the glucosamine, ribose and glucose of Lentinan were positively correlated with the cell survival rate, and the former two had a higher correlation

Advances on the Effect of Processing Technology on Structure Activity Relationship and Solution Behavior of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are natural polymers formed by more than 10 monosaccharide molecules connected by glycoside bonds.The structure is the basis of the biological activity of polysaccharides.The structure of polysaccharides is complex and diverse, and its biological functions are also varied, including the regulation of immunity, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and hypoglycemia.Therefore, polysaccharides have a broad application prospect in health food and medicine.The food processing technology has great influence on the structure, biological function and solution behavior of polysaccharides.Ultrasonic, microwave and high pressure homogenization treatment can cause degradation of the polymers, thus affecting the biological function and rheological property of the polysaccharides.This review focuses on the effects of processing technology on the structure-activity relationship and solution behavior of polysaccharides, which will provide the guidance for the exploitation and application of polysaccharides

Posterior scleral application of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge during trabeculectomy

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application (a modified technique) of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma. METHODS: This retrospective study included 101 patients (115 eyes) with glaucoma (aged 12–83y) who underwent trabeculectomy using a modified mitomycin C-soaked sponge placement method. A piece of 3.5×10 mm2 sponge was placed vertically and posteriorly with the long side perpendicular to the limbus. The mitomycin C concentration and exposure time were 0.2–0.5 mg/mL and 1–5min, respectively. Intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and hypotensive medications were recorded at baseline and at the final visit. Complications, interventions required, and bleb morphology were recorded postoperatively. The primary outcome was trabeculectomy safety, including complications and bleb morphology; the secondary outcome was the trabeculectomy success rate. RESULTS: At the final follow-up [median 28mo, range 7–67mo and interquartile range (IQR) 13mo], the qualified (cumulative) success rate was 93.0% and the complete success rate was 60.0%. No bleb-related complications were observed. The mean height, extent, and vascularity grades were 0.6±0.9, 1.1±0.4, and 2.4±0.9, respectively. All Seidel tests were negative. The mean posteriority grade was 0.8±0.4. CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy with the long side of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge placed perpendicular to the corneal limbus is safe and effective

Functional Characterization of 15 Novel Dense Granule Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

The analysis of the subcellular localization and function of dense granule pro- teins (GRAs) is of central importance for the understanding of host-parasite interaction and pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Here, we identified 15 novel GRAs and used C- terminal endogenous gene tagging to determine their localization at the intravacuolar network (IVN), parasitophorous vacuole (PV), or PV membrane (PVM) in the tachyzoites and at the pe- riphery of the bradyzoites-containing cysts. The functions of the 15 gra genes were examined in type I RH strain and 5 of these gra genes were also evaluated in the cyst-forming type II Pru strain. The 15 novel gra genes were successfully disrupted by using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homologous recombination and the results showed that 13 gra genes were not individually essential for T. gondii replication in vitro or virulence in mice during acute and chronic infec- tion. Intriguingly, deletion of TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910 in both RH and Pru strains decreased the parasite replication in vitro and attenuated its virulence, and also reduced the cyst-forming ability of the Pru strain in mice during chronic infection. Comparison of the tran- scriptomic profiles of the 15 gra genes suggests that they may play roles in other life cycle stages and genotypes of T. gondii. Taken together, our findings improve the understanding of T. gondii pathogenesis and demonstrate the involvement of two novel GRAs, TGME49_266410 and TGME49_315910, in the parasite replication and virulence