Automatic Transformation from SOFL Formal Specifications to Programs for Software Verification and Testing

Abstract— The Structured Object-oriented Formal Language (SOFL) method is developed to overcome the disadvantages of existing formal methods and provide effective techniques for writing formal specifications and carrying out verification and testing. Although it has been applied to system modeling and design in practical and research projects, SOFL has not been widely applied to the industrial software development systems because of the lack of efficient tool support. Aiming at improving the existing SOFL supporting tool and solving the problem that the formal specifications cannot be directly executed, this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between the structures of SOFL formal specifications and C# programs, and then designs and implements the transforming classes for module transformations and data type transformations. Finally, a test is performed to ensure the reliability and validity of the implemented software system. Keywords— SOFL; Formal specifications; Automatic transformations; Programs

A Semi-Analytical Model and Parameter Analysis of a Collaborative Drainage Scheme for a Deeply Buried Tunnel and Parallel Adit in Water-Rich Ground

For a railway or highway tunnel under high water pressure during operation, various factors such as the design of the drainage system, material aging, and pipeline blockage must be considered for the tunnels to work with the parallel adit to drain and control the external water pressure on the tunnel lining. A simplified steady-state seepage model in a semi-infinite multi-connected domain for the tunnel and parallel adit was established and was solved iteratively using the complex variable method and the Schwartz alternating method. After verifying the numerical simulation, parametric analysis, orthogonal tests, and multivariate nonlinear regression were also carried out. Results show that the simplified theoretical model and its semi-analytical algorithm have a fast convergence speed, and the obtained regression formula is simple, which is suitable for calculation and parameter analysis. A scheme that primarily relies on the parallel adit for drainage would make the external water pressure of the lining facing the parallel adit side less than that of the opposite side. Therefore, to reduce pressure uniformly and meet the requirements of surrounding rock stability, the horizontal net distance between the parallel adit and the tunnel should be no less than the tunnel diameter. Drainage volume of the parallel adit is linearly negatively correlated with tunnel water pressure on the lining and has the most significant effect on pressure reduction. The influence of the vertical distance between the parallel adit and the tunnel on water pressure is small

A Semi-Analytical Model and Parameter Analysis of a Collaborative Drainage Scheme for a Deeply Buried Tunnel and Parallel Adit in Water-Rich Ground

For a railway or highway tunnel under high water pressure during operation, various factors such as the design of the drainage system, material aging, and pipeline blockage must be considered for the tunnels to work with the parallel adit to drain and control the external water pressure on the tunnel lining. A simplified steady-state seepage model in a semi-infinite multi-connected domain for the tunnel and parallel adit was established and was solved iteratively using the complex variable method and the Schwartz alternating method. After verifying the numerical simulation, parametric analysis, orthogonal tests, and multivariate nonlinear regression were also carried out. Results show that the simplified theoretical model and its semi-analytical algorithm have a fast convergence speed, and the obtained regression formula is simple, which is suitable for calculation and parameter analysis. A scheme that primarily relies on the parallel adit for drainage would make the external water pressure of the lining facing the parallel adit side less than that of the opposite side. Therefore, to reduce pressure uniformly and meet the requirements of surrounding rock stability, the horizontal net distance between the parallel adit and the tunnel should be no less than the tunnel diameter. Drainage volume of the parallel adit is linearly negatively correlated with tunnel water pressure on the lining and has the most significant effect on pressure reduction. The influence of the vertical distance between the parallel adit and the tunnel on water pressure is small

Additional file 7 of Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of COVID-19 and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify common pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Additional file 7: Figure S7. The correlation analysis between the ICB expression and the risk scores

Additional file 6 of Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of COVID-19 and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify common pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Additional file 6: Figure S6. The expression of hub genes in L-02 hepatocyte cell and human HCC cells (Huh7)

Additional file 11 of Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of COVID-19 and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify common pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Additional file 11: Table S2. qPCR primers used in this study

Linking roots, preferential flow, and soil moisture redistribution in deciduous and coniferous forest soils

Soil moisture (i.e., the changes in the gravimetric soil water content) redistribution is closely linked with root distribution and preferential flow in soils. This study aimed at exploring the soil water content distribution in the presence of root-enhanced preferential flow in deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forests (Platycladus orientalis (L.))

Additional file 10 of Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of COVID-19 and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify common pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Additional file 10: Table S1 Top10 GO enrichment results

Additional file 9 of Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of COVID-19 and hepatocellular carcinoma to identify common pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Additional file 9: Figure S9. Data source of TFs of the hub genes